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Pharm > Chapter 10: Alpha Antagonist Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Alpha Antagonist Drugs Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

Alpha antagonists =

A

Alpha blockers

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2
Q

What is the Alpha Blocker MOA?

A

Bind to the receptor and block the natural ligand effects

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3
Q

What is the only irreversible Alpha-Blocker?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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4
Q

What is Pheochromocytoma?

A

Tumor that overproduces epinephrine

Located in GI tract and adrenomedulla

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5
Q

Tx: Pheochromocytoma

A

Non-selective Alpha antagonists

Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine

decreases BP so tumor can be operated on

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6
Q

T/F: Alpha Blockers can cause reflex tachycardia

A

T

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7
Q

Tx: BPH

A

Alpha Blockers

-osin drugs

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8
Q

Drug: Labetalol

A

Mixed Alpha/Beta blocker

Racemic Mixture

Vasodilation, decrease HR, decrease contractility, decreased CO

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9
Q

Drug: Phenotolamine

A

Alpha Blocker
Competetive antagonist

Vasodilation
reflex tachycardia

Minor adverse effects: Abd pain, N/V

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10
Q

Tx: Male erectike dysfunction

A

Alpha Blocker

Phentolamine

Has to inject directly into penis
Can cause priapism - erection that doesnt go away**

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11
Q

Drug: Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha blocker

forms covalent bonds

inhibits NE reuptake

will make orthostatic BP worse

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12
Q

Drugs: Prazosin

A

Alpha Blocker A-1 Specific

Low affinity for A-2 = no reflex tachycardia

Tx: HTN; BPH

-works in the arteries and veins

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13
Q

What is BPH?

A

Overgrowth of the prostate gland

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14
Q

T/F: -osin Alpha-blockers are A-1 specific

A

T

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15
Q

What effects do Beta blockers have?

A

negative inotropic
negative chronotropic

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16
Q

How can you identify a Beta blocker?

A

-olol

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17
Q

What is the beta blocker prototype?

A

Propranolol

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18
Q

Which beta blocker has a bioavailability of 0? what does this mean?

A

Esmolol

Cant give PO

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19
Q

What are some general characteristics of Pharmacokinetics of beta blockers?

A

A: Peak: 1-3 hrs
D: half life: 3-10 hrs
M: bioavailability: low 30-60%
E: vary

20
Q

Where do beta blockers work?

A

Heart - Beta receptors in the cardiac myocytes

21
Q

Inotropic =

A

Force
contractility

22
Q

Chronotropic =

A

Rate

23
Q

How does beta blockers effect the lungs?

A

constricts bronchioles

24
Q

How does beta blockers effect the eyes?

A

Decrease IOP

25
Q

How does chronic use of beta blockers effect Lipoproteins?

A

Increases VLDL and decreases HDL = bad

26
Q

Drugs: Propranolol

A

Beta blocker – PROTOTYPE
B1/B2

IV only - 1st pass metabolism extensive

Inderal LA is long acting version

27
Q

Drugs: Metoprolol and Atenolol

A

Beta Blockers
B1 specific

Safer in pts with Asthma & DM

28
Q

Which Labetalol isomers are nearly inactive?

A

S,S
R, S

29
Q

Which Labetalol isomers are a potent Beta blocker?

A

R,R

30
Q

Which Labetalol isomers are a potent A1 blocker?

A

S,R

31
Q

Drugs: Esmolol

A

Beta Blocker
B1 specific

Ultra short acting/rapid
Safer for critically ill

0% bioavailability = IV steady state infusion

Tx: Intraoperative tachycardia, SVT

32
Q

What are Beta Blocker Indications

A

HICOD

HTN
Ischemic Heart Disease
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Diessecting aortic aneurysm

33
Q

How should you stop taking beta blockers?

A

d/c gradually

34
Q

What are 2 important signs of toxicity?

A

Worsening of asthma (B2 blocker - constricts)
Hypogylcemia in DM

35
Q

What is a SE of Alpha-1 Blockers?

A

Salt and water retention
More effective when used in conjunction with Beta blockers and diuretics and vice versa

36
Q

What are your 4 types of Vasodilators?

A

Oral
Parenteral
Combination
Nitrates

37
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

Release Nitric Oxide in the endothelium

38
Q

Drugs: Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator

Induces NO production in endothelium
low bioavailability
rebound tachycardia

Tx: HTN

39
Q

Drugs: Minoxidil

A

Vasodilator

K+ channel activation, hyperpolarization of smooth muscles

Rogaine– SE: will grow hair

40
Q

What vasodilator will cause hair growth?

A

Minoxidil

41
Q

Drugs: Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator

Breaks down to release NO in blood stream

Works on arteries and veins

Protect from light

Continuous IV infusion

Tx: HTN emergency, Cardiac Failure

42
Q

What happens with Nitroprusside toxicity?

A

Cyanide accumulation/posioning

43
Q

What organ eliminates CN-?

A

Kidneys

44
Q

Should you give Nitroprusside to a patient in kidney failure? Why?

A

No

CN accumulation. CN is eliminated by the kidneys

45
Q

What metabolizes CN (cyanide)?

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

46
Q

Drugs: Fenoldopam

A

Vasodilator
Dopamine-1 agonist

Works at the Dopamine-receptors at the renal bed

Continuous IV infusion

Tx: HTN emergencies , post-op HTN

Pharm (29 decks)

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