Cancer

Question 1

What type of tissue is associated with the following: Carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemias/lymphomas

Answer 1

Carcinoma: Epithelial cells

Sarcoma: Connective tissue or muscle

Leukemias/lymphomas: Immune cells

CNS is based on specific cell ex) retinoblastoma

Question 2

What is the most common tyof of cancer? Why?

Answer 2

Carcinoma

Epithelial cells proliferate the fastest

Question 3

What are the 3 traditional Tx for cancer?

Answer 3

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo

Question 4

Differentiate between Chemotherapy treatment modalities

Answer 4

1. Primary Chemotherapy: Chemo only
   goal: limit spread
2. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Chemo -> Sx -> chemo again
   goal: chemo to reduce size before & after Sx
3. Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Chemo after Sx
   goal: reduce incidence of resurgence

Question 5

What are general toxicity of cytotoxic drugs? (Cancer drugs)

Answer 5

Cancer drugs attack ALL rapidly dividing cells

-NV
-Bone marrow depression
-Alopecia
-Abortion/fetal death
-teratogenicity (defects in a developing fetus)
-Carcinogenicity
-immosuppression

Question 6

Drugs: Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Nitrosoureas

Answer 6

Class: Chemotherapy
-Alkylating agents

MOA: Tranfer alkyl group to target DNA and inactivate it

Cyclophosphamide: Most commonly used
Uses: Neoplastic & non-neoplastic conditions
Inhibits T/B cells

Chlorambucil less toxic
-DOC for long term luekemia

Nitrosoureas cross BBB

Question 7

What is the largest class of chemo drugs?

Answer 7

Alkylating agents

Question 8

What chemo drug can be used from a brain tumor?

Answer 8

Nitrosoureas

It crosses BBB

Question 9

Drugs: Cisplatin

Answer 9

Class: Chemotherapy
-Platinum Analogs

MOA: Prevents replication of DNA

Structure Platinum center with 2 Cl- & 2 NH3

Uses: Ovarian, Testicular

Poorly penetrates BBB
Slowly excreted in urine

Question 10

Drugs: Methotrexate

Answer 10

Class: Chemotherapy

MOA: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
-Prevents conversion of folate to the form needed for synthese of DNA/RNA synthesis

Inhibits T/B cells
Has antiinflammatory actions

Question 11

What Chemo drug can be used for Neoplastic & non-neoplastic conditions?

Answer 11

Cyclophosphamide

Question 12

Name & Class for chemo drugs: 6-MP

Answer 12

Antimetabolites

Purine Antagonist

Question 13

Name & Class for chemo drugs: 5-FU

Answer 13

Antimetabolites

Pyrimidine antagonist

Question 14

Name & Class for chemo drugs: Vincristin

Answer 14

Plant Based

Vinca Alkaloids

Question 15

Name & Class for chemo drugs: Paclitaxel (Taxol)

Answer 15

Plant Based

Taxanes

Question 16

Name & Class for chemo drugs: Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomyci

Answer 16

Antitumor Antibiotics

Question 17

What are my antitumor antibiotics?

Answer 17

Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin

Question 18

Name & Class for chemo drugs: Corticosteroids, Tamoxifen, Fulvestra

Answer 18

Hormonal Agents

Tamoxifen: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator

Fulvestra: Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator

Question 19

Name & Class for chemo drugs: -ibs and -mab

Answer 19

-ib: proteins that inhibit cell cycle

-mab: monoclonal antibodies
they target ONE SPECIFIC protein

Question 20

What part of the cell cycle has cell division? why is this important?

Answer 20

Mytosis

Cancer drugs target here