Chapter 11; cardiovascular Flashcards
angio
vessel
aorto
aorta
artero, arterio
artery
athero
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
atrio
atrium
brachio
arm
cardio
heart
cholesterolo
cholesterol
corono
heart
cyano
blue
myxo
mucus
oxo
oxygen
pericardio
pericardium
phlebo
vein
rrhythmo
rhythm
sphygmo
pulse
stetho
chest
thrombo
clot
valvulo, valvo
valve
vaso
vessel
vasculo
vessel
veno, veni
vein
ventriculo
ventricle
arrhythemias
abnormal heart rhythms
bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of HIS)
flutter
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
fibrillation
very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 BPM)
congenital heart diseases
abnormalities in the heart at birth
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth
septal defects
small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventriclar septal defects)
tetralogy of fallot
congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- ventricular septal defects
- shift of the aorta to the right
- hypertrophy of the right ventricle
congestive heart failure
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
coronary artery disease
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart. usually a result of artherosclerosis
acute myocardial infarction
crucial part is 5-7 days
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
improper closure of the mitral valve
murmur
extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
pericarditis
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
aneurysm
local widening of an arterial wall
deep vein thrombosis
blood clot forms in a large vein, usually a lower limb
hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
peripheral artery disease (PAD)
blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
raynauds disease
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
varicose veins
abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
cardiac biomarkers
chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack.
troponin-I, troponin-T: released into blood stream after injury to heart
lipid tests (lipid profile)
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
lipoprotein electrophoresis
lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
angiography
xray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
echocardiography (ECHO)
echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
cardiac MRI
images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field
electrocardiography (ECG)
recording of electricity flowing through the heart
stress test
an ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
extracorporeal circulation
heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired
heart transplantation
donor hear is transferred to a recipient
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
ACE inhibitor
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
ACLS
advanced cardiac life support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation
AED
automatic external defibrillator
AF, a-fib
atrial fibrillation
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
AS
aortic stenosis
ASD
atrial septal defect
AV, A-V
atrioventricular
AVR
aortic valve replacement
BBB
bundle branch block
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass grafting
CAD
coronary artery disease
CCU
coronary care unit
cath
catheterization
CHF
congestive heart failure
CK
creatine kinase. enzyme released after injure to skeletal or heart muscles
CRP
cadiopulmonary resuscitation
ECG/EKG
electrocardiography
ECHO
echocardiography
ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ETT
exercise tolerance test
HDL
high density lipoprotein
HTN
hypertension
LAD
left anterior descending
LDL
low density lipoprotein
LV
left ventricle
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
MI
myocardial infarction
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
PAC
premature atrial contraction
PAD
peripheral artery disease
PDA
patent ductus arteriosis or posterior descending artery
PE
pulmonary embolus
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
SA, S-A node
sinoatrial node
SOB
shortness of breath
SVT
supraventricular tachycardia
tPA
tissue-type plasminogen activator
VF
ventricular fibrillation
VSD
ventricular septal defect