Chapter 19; cancer medicine Flashcards
cystic
forming large open spaces filled with fluid
fungating
mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface
inflammatory
having features of inflammation, that is redness swelling and heat
medullary
large soft fleshy tumors
necrotic
containing dead tissue
polypoid
growths that form projections extending outward from a base
ulcerating
characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue
verrucous
resembling wart like growth
alveolar
tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs
carcinoma in situ
referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures
diffuse
spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue
dysplastic
containing abnormal appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous
epidermoid
resembling squamous epithelial cells
follicular
forming small glandular sacs
papillary
forming small finger like or nipple like projections of cells
pleomorphic
composed of a variety of types of cells
scirrhous
densely packed tumors due to dense bands of fibrous
undifferentiated
lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
core needle biopsy
placement of a large bore needle that extracts a thin core of tissue
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
en bloc resection
tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes
excisiononal biopsy
removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue
exenteration
removal of tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue
fine needle aspiration
placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic exam
fulfuration
destruction of tissue by electric sparks
incisional biopsy
piece of tumor is removed for exam to establish diagnosis
brachytherapy
implantation of small sealed containers or seeds of readioactive material into tumor
electron beams
low energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors
external beam irradiation
radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source
fields
dimensions of the size of radiation area
fractionation
method of dividing radiation into small repeated doses rather than fewer large doses
gray
unit of absorbed radiation dose
linear accelerator
large electronic device that produces high energy xray beams for treatment of deep seated tumors
photon therapy
radiation therapy using xrays or gamma rays
proton therapy
small subatomic + charged particles deposit all the energy at a focused pint
radiocurable tumor
tumor that can be eliminated with radiation therapy
radioresistant tumor
tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death
radiosensitive tumor
tumor in which irradiation can cause death to tumor cells without damage of surrounding tissues
radiosensitizers
drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to xrays
simulation
an imaging study performed to map area of treatment
stereotactic radiosurgery
single large dose of radiation is delivered under precise 3D guidance from multiple angles to destroy vascular abnormalties and small brain tumors
