Chapter 19; cancer medicine Flashcards by Steffan Larsen

cystic

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

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fungating

mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface

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inflammatory

having features of inflammation, that is redness swelling and heat

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medullary

large soft fleshy tumors

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necrotic

containing dead tissue

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polypoid

growths that form projections extending outward from a base

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ulcerating

characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

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verrucous

resembling wart like growth

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alveolar

tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

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carcinoma in situ

referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures

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diffuse

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

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dysplastic

containing abnormal appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

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epidermoid

resembling squamous epithelial cells

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follicular

forming small glandular sacs

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papillary

forming small finger like or nipple like projections of cells

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pleomorphic

composed of a variety of types of cells

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scirrhous

densely packed tumors due to dense bands of fibrous

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undifferentiated

lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

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cauterization

destruction of tissue by burning

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core needle biopsy

placement of a large bore needle that extracts a thin core of tissue

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cryosurgery

use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

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en bloc resection

tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

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excisiononal biopsy

removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue

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exenteration

removal of tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue

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fine needle aspiration

placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic exam

fulfuration

destruction of tissue by electric sparks

incisional biopsy

piece of tumor is removed for exam to establish diagnosis

brachytherapy

implantation of small sealed containers or seeds of readioactive material into tumor

electron beams

low energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors

external beam irradiation

radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source

fields

dimensions of the size of radiation area

fractionation

method of dividing radiation into small repeated doses rather than fewer large doses

gray

unit of absorbed radiation dose

linear accelerator

large electronic device that produces high energy xray beams for treatment of deep seated tumors

photon therapy

radiation therapy using xrays or gamma rays

proton therapy

small subatomic + charged particles deposit all the energy at a focused pint

radiocurable tumor

tumor that can be eliminated with radiation therapy

radioresistant tumor

tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death

radiosensitive tumor

tumor in which irradiation can cause death to tumor cells without damage of surrounding tissues

radiosensitizers

drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to xrays

simulation

an imaging study performed to map area of treatment

stereotactic radiosurgery

single large dose of radiation is delivered under precise 3D guidance from multiple angles to destroy vascular abnormalties and small brain tumors

alveolo

small sac

caco

bad

carcino

cancer, cancerous

cautero

burn, heat

chemo

chemical, drug

cryo

cold

cysto

sac of fluid

fibro

fibers

folliculo

small glandular sacs

fungi

fungus, mushroom

medullo

soft, inner part

mucoso

mucous membrane

muta

genetic change

mutageno

causing genetic changes

necro

death

neuro

nerve

onco

tumor

papillo

nipple like

plaso

formation

pleo

many, more

polypo

polyp

proto

first

radio

rays

sarco

flesh, CT

scirrho

hard

xero

dry

-blastoma

immature tumor

-genesis

formation

-oma

mass, tumor

-plasia

growth, formation

-suppression

to stop

-therapy

treatment

ana-

backward

apo-

off, away

brachy-

short (distance)

epi-

upon

meta-

beyond; change

neo-

new

tele-

far

AFP

alpha fetoprotein

BMT

bone marrow transplantation

biopsy

cancer

chemo

chemotherapy

CSF

colony stimulating factor

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

estrogen receptor

EPO

erythropoietin; promotes growth of red blood cells

FNA

fine needle aspiration

5-FU

5 fluorouracil

GIST

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

H and E

hemotoxylin and eosin

HER2

growth factor gene highly activated in cells of certain types of breast cancer

IHC

immunohistochemistry

Mets

metastases

NED

no evidence of disease

neurofibromatosis

NHL

non hodgkin lymphoma

NSCLS

non small cell lung cancer

pap smear

papanicolaou smear

PSA

prostate specific antigen

RNA

ribonucleic acid

RT, XRT

radiation therapy

TNM

tumor node metastasis