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chapter 11 cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

large vessels that carry blood away from heart

A

arteries

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2
Q

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

A

veins

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3
Q

vessel

A

angi/o

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4
Q

aorta

A

aort/o

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5
Q

artery

A

arter/o, arteri/o

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6
Q

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

A

ather/o

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7
Q

atrium, upper heart chamber

A

atri/o

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8
Q

arm

A

brachi/o

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9
Q

heart

A

cardi/o

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10
Q

cholesterol (a lipid substance)

A

cholesterol/o

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11
Q

heart

A

coron/o

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12
Q

blue

A

cyan/o

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13
Q

mucus

A

myx/o

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14
Q

oxygen

A

ox/o

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15
Q

pericardium

A

pericardi/o

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16
Q

vein

A

phleb/o

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17
Q

rhythm

A

rrhythm/o

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18
Q

pulse

A

sphygm/o

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19
Q

chest

A

steth/o

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20
Q

clot

A

thromb/o

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21
Q

valve

A

valvul/o, valv/o

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22
Q

vessel

A

vas/o, vascul/o

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23
Q

vein

A

ven/o, ven/i

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24
Q

ventricle, lower heart chamber

A

ventricul/o

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25
Q

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)

A

arrhythmias

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26
Q

failure of proper conduction of impulses from SA node thru AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

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27
Q

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

A

flutter

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28
Q

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

A

fibrillation

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29
Q

abnormalities in the heart at birth

A

congenital heart disease

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30
Q

narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

A

coarctation of the aorta (CoA0

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31
Q

passageway (ductus arteriosus) between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

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32
Q

small holes in wall between atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

A

septal defects

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33
Q

congenital malformation involving four (tetra) distinct heart defects

A

tetralogy of fallot

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34
Q

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

A

congestive heart failure (chf)

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35
Q

disease of arteries surrounding the heart

A

coronary artery disease (cad)

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36
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

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37
Q

high blood pressure affecting heart

A

hypertensive heart disease

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38
Q

improper closure of the mitral valve

A

mitral valve prolapse (mvp)

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39
Q

extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

A

murmur

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40
Q

inflammation of membrane (pericardium) surrounding heart

A

pericarditis

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41
Q

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

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42
Q

local widening of an arterial wall

A

aneurysm

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43
Q

blood clot forms in large vein, usually in lower limb

A

deep vein thrombosis (dvt)

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44
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension (htn)

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45
Q

blockage of arteries carrying blood to legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

A

peripheral arterial disease (pad)

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46
Q

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

A

raynaud disease (raynaud’s)

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47
Q

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs

A

varicose veins

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48
Q

measurement of bnp (brain natriueretic peptide) in blood

A

bnp test

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49
Q

chemicals are measured in blood as evidence of heart attack

A

cardiac biomarkers

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50
Q

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

A

lipid tests (lipid profile)

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51
Q

lipoproteins (combo of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in blood sample

A

lipoprotein electrophoresis

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52
Q

xray of blood vessels after contrast material injection

A

angiography

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53
Q

3d xray of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography

A

computed tomography angiography (cta)

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54
Q

videos equipment and computer produce xray images of blood vessels

A

digital subtraction angiography (dsa)

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55
Q

electron beams and ct identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early cad

A

electron beam computed tomography (ebct or ebt)

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56
Q

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

A

doppler ultrasound studies

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57
Q

echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

A

echocardiography (echo)

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58
Q

images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

A

positron emission tomography (pet) scan

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59
Q

technetium tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue where it is detected by scanning

A

technetium tc 99m sestamibi scan

60
Q

conc of radioactive thallium is measured to give info about blood supply to the heart muscle

A

thallium 201 scan

61
Q

heart images produced using radiowave energy in magnetic field

A

cardiac mri

62
Q

thin flexible tube is guided into heart via vein or artery

A

cardiac catheterization

63
Q

recording of electricity flowing thru the heart

A

electrocardiography (ecg)

64
Q

ecg device is worn during prolonged period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

A

holter monitoring

65
Q

exercise tolerance test (ett) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)

A

stress test

66
Q

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to remove (ablate) areas of heart tissue that may cause arrhythmias

A

catheter ablation

67
Q

arteries and veins anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

A

coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg)

68
Q

brief discharges of electricity applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)

A

defibrillation

69
Q

surgical removal of plaque from inner layer of artery

A

endarterectomy

70
Q

heart lung machine diverts blood from heart and lungs while heart is repaired

A

extracorporeal circulation

71
Q

balloon tipped catheter is inserted into coronary artery to open artery, stents are put in place

A

percutaneous coronary intervention (pci)

72
Q

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

A

thrombolytic therapy

73
Q

placement of balloon expandable aortic heart valve into body via catheter

A

transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr)

74
Q

arteries

A

large vessels that carry blood away from heart

75
Q

veins

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

76
Q

angi/o

77
Q

aort/o

78
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

79
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

80
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

81
Q

brachi/o

82
Q

cardi/o

83
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol (a lipid substance)

84
Q

coron/o

85
Q

cyan/o

86
Q

myx/o

87
Q

ox/o

88
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

89
Q

phleb/o

90
Q

rrhythm/o

91
Q

sphygm/o

92
Q

steth/o

93
Q

thromb/o

94
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

95
Q

vas/o, vascul/o

96
Q

ven/o, ven/i

97
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

98
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)

99
Q

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

A

failure of proper conduction of impulses from SA node thru AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

100
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

101
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

102
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in the heart at birth

103
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA0

A

narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

104
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

passageway (ductus arteriosus) between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

105
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in wall between atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

106
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

congenital malformation involving four (tetra) distinct heart defects

107
Q

congestive heart failure (chf)

A

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

108
Q

coronary artery disease (cad)

A

disease of arteries surrounding the heart

109
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

110
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

high blood pressure affecting heart

111
Q

mitral valve prolapse (mvp)

A

improper closure of the mitral valve

112
Q

murmur

A

extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

113
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of membrane (pericardium) surrounding heart

114
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

115
Q

aneurysm

A

local widening of an arterial wall

116
Q

deep vein thrombosis (dvt)

A

blood clot forms in large vein, usually in lower limb

117
Q

hypertension (htn)

A

high blood pressure

118
Q

peripheral arterial disease (pad)

A

blockage of arteries carrying blood to legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

119
Q

raynaud disease (raynaud’s)

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

120
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs

121
Q

bnp test

A

measurement of bnp (brain natriueretic peptide) in blood

122
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

chemicals are measured in blood as evidence of heart attack

123
Q

lipid tests (lipid profile)

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample

124
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

lipoproteins (combo of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in blood sample

125
Q

angiography

A

xray of blood vessels after contrast material injection

126
Q

computed tomography angiography (cta)

A

3d xray of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography

127
Q

digital subtraction angiography (dsa)

A

videos equipment and computer produce xray images of blood vessels

128
Q

electron beam computed tomography (ebct or ebt)

A

electron beams and ct identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early cad

129
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

130
Q

echocardiography (echo)

A

echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

131
Q

positron emission tomography (pet) scan

A

images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

132
Q

technetium tc 99m sestamibi scan

A

technetium tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue where it is detected by scanning

133
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

conc of radioactive thallium is measured to give info about blood supply to the heart muscle

134
Q

cardiac mri

A

heart images produced using radiowave energy in magnetic field

135
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

thin flexible tube is guided into heart via vein or artery

136
Q

electrocardiography (ecg)

A

recording of electricity flowing thru the heart

137
Q

holter monitoring

A

ecg device is worn during prolonged period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

138
Q

stress test

A

exercise tolerance test (ett) determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress)

139
Q

catheter ablation

A

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to remove (ablate) areas of heart tissue that may cause arrhythmias

140
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg)

A

arteries and veins anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

141
Q

defibrillation

A

brief discharges of electricity applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)

142
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from inner layer of artery

143
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

heart lung machine diverts blood from heart and lungs while heart is repaired

144
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (pci)

A

balloon tipped catheter is inserted into coronary artery to open artery, stents are put in place

145
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis

146
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement (tavr)

A

placement of balloon expandable aortic heart valve into body via catheter

han 312 (20 decks)

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