Chapter 11 - Alzheimer's Disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is dementia?
A
- umbrella term referring to changes in cognitive function great enough to interfere w/ daily function
- called neurocognitive disorder in the DSM5
- degenerative
- most common is AZ
2
Q
What is MCI?
A
- clinical diagnosis describing the transitional state btwn normal aging and mild dementia
- pts @ a greater risk for developing AZ
- mild mem impairment w/ preservation of other cog functions
3
Q
Amnestic MCI
A
- cognitive impairment limited to episodic memory
- 80% pts progress to AZ
4
Q
Amnestic Multiple Domain MCI
A
- mild impairment on multiple domains such as mild behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, and visuospatial deficits
5
Q
Non-amnestic Single Domain MCI
A
- mild isolated cog impairment of behavior, executive function, lang., visuospatial processing
- NOT episodic memory
- high risk for other dementias
6
Q
Non-amnestic Multiple Domain MCI
A
- mild cog impairment on multiple domains such as mild behavioral changes, executive dysfunction, visuospatial deficits
- NOT episodic memory
- high risk for other dementias
7
Q
Clinical description of MCI
A
- pt has memory complaint
- memory dysfunction for age and education
- largely intact activities of daily living
- not demented
- use of the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Global Deterioration Scale
8
Q
What are the risk factors for AZ?
A
- increasing age
- presence of APOE e4 increases risk
- CV disease
- TBI
- depression
- lower educational achievement
- Down syndrome
9
Q
Clinical evolution of AZ can be divided into 3 categories, what are they?
A
- progressive memory impairment
- progressive cortical dysfunction
- neuropsychiatric disturbances
10
Q
AZ has an ________ onset and a _______ progression of an amnesic memory disturbance with difficulties of _________ and _____.
A
- insidious
- gradual
- learning
- recall
11
Q
Early stage of AZ
A
- aka mild
- STM loss, difficulty w/ recall
- changes in language
- changes in mood
- decreased judgement
12
Q
Clinical manifestations of AZ
A
- cog impairment, mainly episodic
- behavioral disturbances (aggression, delusions, wandering)
- affective disturbances (changes in mood and personality)
- motor impairments (seen towards late stages, resembles Parkinson’s)
13
Q
Mild stage of AZ
A
- aka moderate
- personality changes,
- LTM loss
- behavioral problems (agitation, anxiety, aggression, wandering, insomnia)
- needing assistance in daily activities
14
Q
End stage of AZ
A
- aka severe
- behavioral changes
- loss of ability to perform daily activities
- incontinence
- loss of motor skills
15
Q
Diagnosis of AZ
A
- MMSE
- general neurologic exam
- health hx
- CT or MRI to see atrophy
