Chapter 11

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

Subjective mental state, usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors as well as involuntary physiological changes

Question 2

Sympathetic Nervous System vs Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 2

Sympathetic-fight or flight

Parasympathetic-relax and recouperate.

Question 3

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 3

Sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood

Question 4

Brain self-stimulation

Answer 4

Animals work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably rewarding

Question 5

Medial Forebrain Bundle

Answer 5

Collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain

Question 6

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 6

Region of forebrain that receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area, often associated with reward and pleasurable sensations

Question 7

Decorticate rage

Answer 7

“sham rage” sudden intense rage characterized by actions (snarling/biting) that lack clear direction

Question 8

Limbic system

Answer 8

Nuclei of brain that innervate each other to form a network, implicated in emotions

Question 9

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 9

Condition brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety.

Question 10

Medial Amygdala

Answer 10

Portion of the amygdala that receives olfactory and pheromonal information

Question 11

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)

Answer 11

A hypothalamic region involved in sexual behaviors, eating, and agression

Question 12

Optogenetics

Answer 12

Use of lasers to excite or inhibit neurons expressing light-sensitive membrane channels, typically in transgenic mice

Question 13

Psychopath

Answer 13

Individual incapable of experiencing remorse

Question 14

Stress

Answer 14

Any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance

Question 15

Adrenal medulla

Answer 15

Inner core of the adrenal gland

Question 16

Epinephrine/Norepinephreine

Answer 16

Epinephrine-acts as both a hormone and synaptic transmitter, secreted by adrenal medulla.
Norepinephreine-neurotransmitter produced and released by sympathetic postganglionic neuron to accelerate organ activity.

Question 17

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 17

Steroid-secreting outer rind of the adrenal gland

Question 18

Adrenal steroid hormone

Answer 18

A steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 19

Cortisol

Answer 19

A glucocortical stress hormone of the adrenal cortex

Question 20

Stress Immunization

Answer 20

Concept: Mild stress early in life makes an individual better able to handle stress later in life

Question 21

Epigenetic regulation

Answer 21

Changes in gene expression that are due to environmental effects rather than to changes in the nucleotide sequence of the gene

Question 22

Psychosomatic medicine

Answer 22

A field of study that emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disease.

Question 23

Health Psychology

Answer 23

Also called behavior medicine. Afield of study that focuses on psychological influences on health-related processes.

Question 24

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 24

The study of the immune system and its interaction with the nervous system and behavior.