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Phlebotomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What tubes are used for blood bank specimens?

A
  • Lavender or pink top EDTA tubes

- Nonadditive glass red-top tube

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2
Q

ABO

A

Blood type

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3
Q

What is on an ID blood bank bracelet

A
  • ABO and Rh factor (+ or -) and screen

- Cross match to determine compatibility between patient and donor

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4
Q

What should you compare before drawing blood from a blood bank donor?

A

You should compare the labeled blood bank tube with the blood bank ID bracelet

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5
Q

Blood Cultures

A

Determine presence and extent of infection

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6
Q

Why are blood cultures ordered?

A
  • P has a condition in which bloodstream invasion is possible
  • Or presence of fever of unknown origin (FUO)
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7
Q

Name 2 reasons why skin antisepsis is done for blood cultures

A
  • Destroy skin microorganisms

- Prevent misinterpretation of microorganism as pathogenic

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8
Q

What are 2 antiseptics that can be used for blood cultures? How long do you have to disinfect the skin?

A
  1. Chlorhexidine gluconate
  2. Tincture of iodine or povidine

Requires 30 to 60 second friction scrub

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9
Q

Blood Culture collection procedure steps

A
  1. Follow normal ID protocol: explain collection procedure
  2. Identify venipuncture site and release tourniquet
  3. Aseptically select and assemble equipment
  4. Perform friction scrub
  5. Allow site to dry
  6. Remove flip off cap and inspect bottle for visible
    defects
  7. Cleanse culture bottle stoppers while site is drying
  8. Mark and max fill on culture bottles
  9. Reapply tourniquet and perform venipuncture
  10. Inoculate medium as requested
  11. Invert bottle several times
  12. Clean P’s skin of applicable
  13. Label specimen containers
  14. Disposed of used and contaminated materials
  15. Thank the P, remove gloves and sanitize hands
  16. Transport specimens to lab ASAP
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10
Q

Which tube must be filled completely for testing

A

The light blue tube

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11
Q

What must you remember to do for all coagulation tests except for PT or PTT

A

Use a ‘clear’ or light blue discard tube.

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12
Q

What is the most important thing to remember when drawing from an indwelling catheter?

A

Use a discard tube (red glass or clear tube) to discard 5mls of blood or 6x of dead space vol of catheter

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13
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Increase blood glucose

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14
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Decrease blood glucose

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15
Q

GTT

A

Glucose Tolerance Test

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16
Q

What is a GTT (glucose tolerance test) do and use for?

A
  • To diagnose problems of the carbohydrate metabolism

- Monitors P’s tolerance to high levels of glucose

17
Q

2 - Hour postprandial glucose

A

Done 2 hours after a meal since glucose significantly increases 2 hrs after a meal

18
Q

GTT (Glucose Tolerance Test) Procedure

A
  • Patient must finish glucose beverage in 5 minutes (if not test must be done another day)
  • Note time P finishes, start timing, calculate collection times
19
Q

OGCT

A

Oral glucose Challenge test (1 hour glucose screening test)

20
Q

What are the procedures of the oral glucose challenge test (1 hour glucose screening test)?

A
  1. P is given drink containing containing 50g of glucose
  2. Blood specimen collected after 1 hour
  3. If glucose result is >140 mg/dL, then suggested that P complete follow up OGTT w/in 1 week
21
Q

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

A

Establishes and maintains drug dosage at therapeutic level and avoids drug toxicity

22
Q

Toxicology specimens

A

Used to detect toxins and treatment of effects

23
Q

Forensic blood alcohol (ethanol) specimens

A

Used to determine levels of alcohol in breath, urine and blood and collection must follow chain of custody

24
Q

Clinical blood alcohol (ethanol) specimens

A

Required in connection to on the job injury, employee insurance programs and employee drug screening

25
Q

What are the special skin preparations and specimen requirements related to collection of clinical blood alcohol specimens?

A
  • Can’t use alcohol-based specimens for skin disinfection

- Must use gray top sodium fluoride tube

26
Q

Trace elements - what does it test for and what tubes need to be used?

A
  • Test for aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron and zinc

- Special trace element - free tubes must be used (royal blue & contain EDTA, heparin, or no additive)

27
Q

What does ‘standing order’ mean?

A

Good for a year - P is able to get the test done weekly for year

28
Q

What tube do you use for monitored coagulation tests?

A

Light blue top tubes

29
Q

Monitored coagulation tests

A
  • Prothrombin time (PT)
  • International normalized rate (INR)
  • Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or PTT)
30
Q

ABG

A

Artierial Blood Gases

31
Q

POCT

A

Point of Care testing

Phlebotomy (12 decks)

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