Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Lancet

A

Sterile, disposable, sharp-pointed or bladed instrument that is used to puncture or cut skin to obtain capillary blood specimen

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2
Q

What color/size finger puncture lancets are used for adults?

A

Blue

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3
Q

What color/size finger puncture lancets are used for infants/kids?

A

Purple and pink

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4
Q

Microcollection container/ Microtainer?

A

Small plastic tubes used to collect tiny amounts of blood from capillary punctures. Do Not exceed max fill line of 500. Fill in-between min and max lines.

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5
Q

What happens to glucose concentrations in capillary blood specimens?

A

Glucose concentrations are higher in capillary blood specimens (finger sticks)

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6
Q

What values are lower in capillary specimens?

A

Total protein (TP), calcium (CA2+) and potassium (K+)

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7
Q

Name some of the reasons for a capillary puncture (finger stick) on adults

A
  • Available veins are fragile or must be saved for other procedures
  • Several unsuccessful venipunctures have been performed
  • Patient has clot forming tendencies
  • Patient is apprehensive or has an intense fear of needles
  • There are no accessible veins (IVs in both arms, scars or burns)
  • For POCT procedures such as glucose monitoring
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8
Q

Name some of the reasons for a capillary puncture (finger stick) on Infants/ young children

A
  • Small blood volume and risk of anemia
  • Risk of cardiac arrest when large quantities of blood are removed
  • Venipuncture is difficult and may damage veins and surrounding tissues
  • Puncturing deep veins can cause hemorrhage, venous thrombosis, infection and gangrene
  • Risk of injury due to restraint needed for venipucture
  • Capillary blood is preferred specimen for some tests
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9
Q

Capillary Order of Draw

A
  1. Blood gas specimens (CBGs)
  2. EDTA specimens
  3. Other additive specimens
  4. Serum specimens
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10
Q

Capillary Puncture Steps

A

Step 1: Review test request
Step 2: Approach, Identify and prepare P
Step 3: Verify diet restrictions/latex sensitivities
Step 4: Sanitize hands and put on gloves
Step 5: Position P (palm up)
Step 6: Select the puncture/incision site
Step 7: Warm the site if applicable (3-5 minutes)
Step 8: Clean and air dry site
Step 9: Prepare equipment (put on glove if not on and open everything in front of P)
Step 10: Puncture the site and discard lancet
Step 11: WIPE AWAY FIRST DROP of blood
Step 12: Fill and mix tubes/containers in order of draw
Step 13: Place gauze and apply pressure (keep site elevated)
Step 14: Label specimen
Step 15: Check site and Apply bandage
Step 16: Dispose of used and contaminated materials
Step 17: Thank P, remove gloves and sanitize hands
Step 18: Transport specimen to the lab

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11
Q

PKU (phenylketonuria)

A

Newborn screening blood spot collection

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