Chapter 11

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

Developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes

Question 2

Puberty

Answer 2

Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce

Question 3

Adrenarche

Answer 3

Occurs between 6-8, adrenal glands secrete increasing level of androgens (DHEA)

Question 4

Gonadarche

Answer 4

Maturing of sex organs, second burst of DHEA

Question 5

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 5

Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence

Question 6

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 6

Physiological signs of sexual maturation (such as breast development and growth of body hair) that do not involve the sex organs

Question 7

Adolescent growth spurt

Answer 7

Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity

Question 8

Spermarche

Answer 8

Boy’s first ejaculation

Question 9

Menarche

Answer 9

Girl’s first menstruation

Question 10

Secular trend

Answer 10

Trend that can be seen only by observing several generations, such as the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some countries

Question 11

Body image

Answer 11

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance

Question 12

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 12

Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

Question 13

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 14

Binge eating disorder

Answer 14

Eating disorder in which a person loses control over eating and binges huge quantities of food

Question 15

Substance abuse

Answer 15

Repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs

Question 16

Substance dependence

Answer 16

Addiction (physical, psychological, or both) to a harmful substance

Question 17

Binge drinking

Answer 17

Consuming five or more drinks (men) or four or more drinks (women) on one occasion

Question 18

Formal operations

Answer 18

Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly

Question 19

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Answer 19

Ability, believed by Piaget, to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses

Question 20

Imaginary audience

Answer 20

The tendency of adolescents to falsely believe themselves to be the focus of others’ attention

Question 21

Personal fable

Answer 21

The adolescent belief in one’s uniqueness and invulnerability; associated with risk-taking

Question 22

Preconventional morality

Answer 22

Control is external and rules are obeyed in order to avoid punishment or out of self-interest

Question 23

Conventional morality

Answer 23

Standards of authority figures are internalized

Question 24

Postconventional morality

Answer 24

People follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards

Question 25

Self-efficacy

Answer 25

Sense of one's capability to master challenges and achieve goals