Chapter 10 Flashcards
Representational systems
Third stage in development of self-definition, characterized by breadth, balance, and the integration and assessment of various aspects of the self
Industry versus inferiority
Children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority
Coregulation
Transitional stage in the control of behavior in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation
Internalizing behaviors
Behaviors by which emotional problems are turned inward: anxiety or depression
Externalizing behaviors
Behaviors by which a child acts out emotional difficulties: aggression or hostility
Prejudice
Unfavorable attitude toward members of certain groups outside one’s own, especially those racial or ethnic groups
Hostile attribution bias
Tendency to perceive others as trying to hurt one and to strike out in retaliation or self-defence
Bullying
Aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target, or victim, typically one who is weak, vulnerable and defenseless
Oppositional defiant disorder
Pattern of behavior, persisting into middle childhood, marked by negativity, hostility, and defiance
Conduct disorder
Repetitive, persistent pattern of aggressive, antisocial behavior violating societal norms or the rights of others
Separation anxiety disorder
Condition involving excessive, prolonged anxiety concerning separation from home or from people to whom a person is attatched
School phobia
Unrealistic fear of going to school; may be a form of separation anxiety or social phobia
Social phobia
Extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations
Generalized anxiety disorder
Anxiety not focused on any single target
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anxiety aroused by repetitive, intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, often leading to compulsive ritual behaviors
Childhood depression
Mood disorder characterized by such symptoms as a prolonged sense of friendlessness, inability to have fun or concentrate, fatigue, extreme activity or apathy, feelings of worthlessness, weight change, physical complaints, and thoughts of death and suicide
Individual psychotherapy
Psychological treatment in which a therapist sees a troubled person one-on-one
Family therapy
Psychological treatment in which a therapist sees the whole family together to analyze patterns of family functioning
Behavior therapy
Therapeutic approach using principles of learning theory to encourage desired behaviors or eliminate undesired ones
Art therapy
Therapeutic approach that allows a person to express troubled feelings without words, using a variety of art materials and media
Play therapy
Therapeutic approach that uses play to help a child cope with emotional distress
Drug therapy
Administration of drugs to treat emotional disorders
Resilient children
Children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events
Protective factors
Influences that reduce the impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes
