Chapter 11

Question 1

the positive or negative beliefs that we hold about the characteristics of social group.

Answer 1

stereotype

Question 2

an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup or toward the members of that outgroup.

Answer 2

prejudice

Question 3

unjustified negative behaviors toward members of outgroups based on their group membership.

Answer 3

discrimination

Question 4

performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes.

Answer 4

stereotype threat

Question 5

the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups.

Answer 5

social categorization

Question 6

the tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups.

Answer 6

outgroup homogeneity

Question 7

In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or she has access to their “true” beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session.

Answer 7

bogus pipeline procedure

Question 8

frequently used to assess stereotypes and prejudice (Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007). In the ___, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand.

Answer 8

implicit association test (IAT)

Question 9

the tendency to respond more positively to people from our ingroups than we do to people from outgroups.

Answer 9

ingroup favoritism

Question 10

People also make trait attributions in ways that benefit their ingroups, just as they make trait attributions that benefit themselves.

Answer 10

group-serving bias/ ultimate attribution error

Question 11

the positive self-esteem that we get from our group memberships.

Answer 11

feelings of social identity

Question 12

The strong devaluation of ingroup members who threaten the positive image and identity of the ingroup

Answer 12

black sheep effect

Question 13

a personality dimension that characterizes people who prefer things to be simple rather than complex and who tend to hold traditional and conventional values.

Answer 13

authoritarianism

Question 14

a personality variable that refers to the tendency to see and to accept inequality among different groups.

Answer 14

social dominance orientation (SDO)

Question 15

The idea that intergroup contact will reduce prejudice.

Answer 15

contact hypothesis

Question 16

a state in which the group members depend on each other for successful performance of the group goals.

Answer 16

interdependence

Question 17

learning in which students from different racial or ethnic groups work together, in an interdependent way, to master material.

Answer 17

jigsaw classroom

Question 18

the idea that prejudice can be reduced for people who have friends who are friends with members of the outgroup.

Answer 18

extended-contact hypothesis

Question 19

goals that were both very important to them and yet that required the cooperative efforts and resources of both the Eagles and the Rattlers to attain.

Answer 19

superordinate goals

Question 20

The attempt to reduce prejudice by creating a superordinate categorization.

Answer 20

common ingroup identity