Chapter 10: Prevention Flashcards
What is Health Promotion
efforts to introduce a healthy lifestyle
what is the role of community psychology/psychologists?
they focus on the reciprocal relations between individuals and the community in which they life
they have a long history on developing services that are offered to vulnerable populations
What are three types of intervention with respect to illness?
- Primary intervention (occurs before a disorder has developed and is designed to prevent the development of the disorder aka prevention)
- Secondary Intervention (occurs when a disorder is evident; this is usually referred to has treatment
- Tertiary Intervention (occurs with respect to a chronic disorder and focuses on rehabilitation and long-term adaptation)
What are the three distinctions among prevention programs?
- Universal preventative intervention –> prevention program applied to an entire population such as a media awareness campaign
- selective preventative intervention –> prevention program that targets people who are at elevated risk of developing a particular disorder or problem
- Indicated preventative intervention –> prevention program that targets people who do not meet the criteria for a disorder, but who have elevated risk and may show detectable but subclinical signs of the disorder
what are two types of prevention programs (primary and secondary)?
primary prevention programs are based on behavioural model of functioning and does not rely on the concept of disease; it is focused on the provision of conditions conductive to good health and is similar to health promotion
secondary prevention –> more similar to selective and indicated prevention programs because it focuses on prevention in groups of people who are identified as being high risk
What is the risk reduction model?
an approach to prevention that reduces risks and promotes protective factors (relies heavily on research))
what are risk factors?
risk factors are characteristics of the individual or environment that render a person more vulnerable to the development of a problem or disorder, or that are associated with more severe symptoms
what is resilience?
characteristics that protect high risk individuals from developing the problem or disorder
What are incidence rates?
used to describe the number of new cases of a problem (can also be used to measure success of prevention program)
What is effectiveness?
effectiveness refers to the extent to which a prevention program achieves desired outcomes when used in an applied setting rather than in the original research condition
What are three prevention programs that focus on promoting evidence-based parenting?
- Home-visiting programs by Olds & Colleagues
- Incredible Years Program by Carolyn Webster-Stratton
- Triple P Program by Matthew Sanders
what did the home-visiting program (By Olds & Colleagues) do?
it was a service offered to low-income, teenage, single mothers who were expecting
it involved a nurse who visited them during pregnancy and first 2 years of birth at home and taught them self-care
it had benefits in reducing child abuse and neglect as well as reducing number of arrests, convictions..etc.. in the children before age 15
What is the Incredible Years program?
developed by Carolyn Webster-Stratton and is designed to help children aged 3 to 12(?) who have been identified as having conduct problems
the primary goal is to train parents in skills so that they can effectively play with their child, provide praise for positive behaviour and set limits on unacceptable behaviours like using time-outs, ignoring, praise …etc…
the results show effectiveness in promoting good parenting, enhancing children’s social competence and preventing the development of conduct problems
what is Triple P?
triple P is developed by Mathew Sanders
It is a positive parenting program (triple P) and its designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and confidence of parents and promote safe environments for young people and promote children’s competence through positive parenting practices
they are designed to enhance protective factors and decrease risk factors
it was found that it is efficacious in helping parents adopt positive parenting practices which is associated with fewer child problems
what are the 5 levels of the triple P program?
triple P is a multi-level system that provides interventions that gradually increase in intensity
Level 1 (universal triple P) –> is offered to all interested parents using a variety of media; the intention is to reduce stigma
Level 2: involves parenting seminars or brief one or two session services to address parent’s specific concerns
level 3: designed for parents of children with mild to moderate problems that may benefit from a program delivered over 3-4 sessions
Level 4 (standard triple P) –> designed for parents of children with more severe behavioural problems which is also available online
Level 5 (Enhanced Triple P) –> most intensive intervention which includes parenting skills, and also additional sessions focused on parent’s mood, coping and partner support
