Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ecology 2227 > Chapter 10 Population Dynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Population Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What does D represent in the formula used to calculate population size?

A

number of deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which feature is the most important when one studies population dynamics?

A

population distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is not a benefit provided to human society by an understanding of population ecology?

A

development of a cure for diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nest predator most likely contributed to the greater aggressiveness of the Africanized honeybees?

A

humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which feature has contributed to the rapid expansion of Africanized honeybees through South and North America? (book)

A

high rate of colony formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Nt represent in the formula used to calculate population size?

A

the number of individuals in the population at some time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What features are considered when studying population dynamics?

A

population abundance

population distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What benefits are provided to human society by an understanding of population ecology?

A

control of pest species

maintenance of economically important plants

prevention of species extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which feature is associated with the spatial dynamics of populations?

A

the influence of dispersal on distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which regions have the Africanized honeybees been able to successfully colonize due to high rates of colony formation and rapid dispersal? (book)

A

North and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Studying patterns of survival and reproduction in populations is associated with which type of population dynamics?

A

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of population densities are most impacted by dispersal?

A

local populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of populations provide the best information about the dispersal aspects of populations?

A

expanding populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which species of bird was not introduced into North America? (book)

A

Turkey vultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: Both distribution and abundance are influenced by the dispersal of populations.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which individuals in a population of Eurasian Collared doves are more likely to disperse? (book)

A

juveniles / young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which feature is associated with temporal dynamics?

A

patterns of survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can dispersal influence the density of a population?

A

It can increase and decrease the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What event caused the northward dispersal of many species, including temperate forest trees, 16,000 years ago?

A

retreat of the glaciers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false: Expanding populations provide some of the best information about dispersal aspects of populations.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which bird is the most recently introduced species in North America? (book)

A

Eurasian collared doves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why would individuals disperse from a population?

A

Young individuals face stiff competition from the others in the growing population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which species dispersed more rapidly over the last 16,000 years? (book)

A

maple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What substances are used to measure the dispersal rate of plants?

A

pollen sediments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which group of organisms left a well-studied record of their dispersal in response to climate change in lake sediments? (book)

A

maples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

According to numerical responses, what type of change should occur in the predator population if the prey density increases?

A

The predator density would change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What role did the mice and shrews play in the C.S. Holling study on numerical responses?

A

They were predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In small mammals, an increase in food results in an ______.

A

increase in density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which predators were associated with the Korpimäki and Norrdahl vole study?

A

European kestrel

long-eared owls

short-eared owls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which statement best describes a numerical response?

A

Changes in predator population density due to increased prey density.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Identify the mechanisms that can produce numerical responses in predators.

A

increase in prey population

predator dispersal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Identify the influence that currents can have upon stream ecosystems.

A

shape of stream organisms

amount of oxygen

size of stream organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

According to the C.S. Holling study, the numerical responses of the mice and shrews were due to what factor? (book)

A

an increase in the reproductive rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which feature in small mammals is largely responsible for an increase in their density?

A

their reproductive rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which feature is unique to the microorganisms living in a stream?

A

Ability to adhere to the surface of substrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which statement best describes why researchers felt that it was predator dispersal instead of reproduction that led to the numerical responses in the kestrels and owls? (book)

A

The peak of the predator and prey populations almost perfectly matched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Identify the abiotic influence that current can have upon a stream ecosystem.

A

amount of oxygen available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What happens to stream organisms during a spate?

A

They get washed downstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which feature enables fish to maintain their position in a stream?

A

streamlined to swim against the current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the composition of drift?

A

fragments of leaves

stream insects

pieces of algae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is occurring during a spate?

A

The water level in the stream is rapidly increasing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Along with dispersal, which other variable plays a significant role in the colonization cycle?

A

reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What feature is necessary to call a group of organisms a subpopulation?

A

spatial separation from other members of their species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What feature is necessary to call subpopulations a metapopulation?

A

exchange of individuals between subpopulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In which direction do the components of drift move?

A

downstream

46
Q

Which of the following events occurs during the colonization cycle?

A

Populations of organisms will disperse both upstream and downstream.

47
Q

In what manner do subpopulations maintain an exchange of individuals?

A

through immigration and emigration

48
Q

What is the main reason that the butterfly P. smintheus forms metapopulations? (book)

A

The distribution of their host plant forces them into metapopulations.

49
Q

True or false: To be classified as a metapopulation, there must be an exchange of individuals among patches.

A

true

50
Q

Which features are leading to a decrease in the size of alpine meadows? (book)

A

fire suppression

global warming

51
Q

Which is a reason that butterflies will leave their population?

A

The population size becomes very small.

52
Q

Why does the butterfly P. smintheus form metapopulatons? (book)

A

They are tied to a narrow range of host plants.

53
Q

What feature is necessary to call subpopulations a metapopulation?

A

exchange of individuals between subpopulations

54
Q

What meadow size resulted in greater than 100 butterflies in the population?

A

approximately a 40 ha meadow

55
Q

As the alpine meadows decrease in size, what variable is increasing?

A

their isolation from each other

56
Q

Which statement is correct about the butterfly and lesser kestrel population? (book)

A

The butterfly population is contracting while the kestrel is expanding.

57
Q

Which type of population are butterflies more likely to leave?

A

a small population

58
Q

What type of information does a life table provide a population biologist?

A

survivorship & death

59
Q

What was the mean population size of Rocky Mountain Parnassian butterflies in a 1.1 ha meadow? (book)

A

less than 1 butterfly

60
Q

Which feature is found in both the butterfly and kestrel population?

A

They are both spatially organized into metapopulations.

61
Q

Which of the following is an example of a cohort?

A

624 sunfish born this spring

62
Q

Which information is used to determine a static life table?

A

The age of death of a large number of individuals.

63
Q

Which pieces of information do life tables provide?

A

survivorship in the population

deaths in the population

64
Q

What information can be gained from the age distribution of a population?

A

the number of individuals in each age group

the patterns of survival

65
Q

Survivorship curves are plotted as the number of survivors per how many births?

A

1,000

66
Q

Which of the following describes a cohort?

A

A large group of individuals born at the same time.

67
Q

Which age group, typically, has the lowest mortality among large mammals?

A

the youngest

68
Q

What information is gained from a static life table?

A

patterns of survival in the wild

69
Q

The age distribution of a population can be used to determine the patterns of ______.

A

survival

70
Q

Which age group, typically, has the lowest mortality among birds?

A

they are all equal

71
Q

Which of the following pieces of information can be gained from a survivorship curve?

A

pattern of life and death within a population

72
Q

Which statement best describes the pattern of mortality among large mammals?

A

high mortality among the older individuals

73
Q

Which information is used to determine a static life table?

A

The age of death of a large number of individuals.

74
Q

Which statement correctly describes the mortality rates of birds?

A

All age groups die at an equal frequency.

75
Q

Which age group, typically, has the greatest rate of mortality among various marine fish?

A

The young age group has the greatest rate of mortality.

76
Q

The age distribution of a population can be used to determine the patterns of ______.

A

survival

77
Q

What predictions can ecologists make from the information gained from the age distribution of a population?

A

the future growth or decline of the population

78
Q

Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?

A

The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.

79
Q

Which statement best describes the pattern of mortality among large mammals?

A

high mortality among the older individuals

80
Q

Which information is used to determine a static life table?

A

The age of death of a large number of individuals.

81
Q

What type of growth potential could be expected from a population that has the majority of individuals in the youngest age class?

A

The population level is growing.

82
Q

Which of the following is not obtained from the information offered by the age distribution of a population?

A

the type of predators that are causing a decline in the population

83
Q

What information is gained from a static life table?

A

patterns of survival in the wild

84
Q

Which variable was influential in increasing the population size of the cactus finch population on Genovesa Island? (book)

A

Wet weather

85
Q

What can be inferred from a population in which large numbers of individuals are concentrated in the youngest age class but die off rapidly

A

The population has a Type III survivorship curve.

86
Q

What predictions can ecologists make from the information gained from the age distribution of a population?

A

the future growth or decline of the population

87
Q

Which of the following best defines the term birthrate?

A

Number of young born per female in a period of time.

88
Q

Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?

A

The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.

89
Q

Which statement about the white oak population is the most accurate?

A

This population is dominated by young trees and should persist for some time.

90
Q

Which statement describes why the cactus finch population of Genovesa Island was able to increase? (book)

A

Wet weather resulted in increased food production for the finches.

91
Q

When tabulating a fecundity schedule, which parental demographic is studied?

A

the adult females

92
Q

What type of growth potential could be expected from a population that has the majority of individuals in the youngest age class?

A

The population level is growing.

93
Q

True or false: Birthrate is measured as the number of young born per female in a given period of time.

A

true

94
Q

Identify the pieces of information that are used to calculate the net reproductive rate for an annual plant species.

A

survivorship curve

seed production

95
Q

How is a fecundity schedule tabulated?

A

The tabulation of the birth rates for all the females in a population.

96
Q

Which of the following best defines the term birthrate?

A

Number of young born per female in a period of time.

97
Q

Which statement correctly describes the mortality rate of various marine fish?

A

The young have an extremely high rate of mortality.

98
Q

What information is gained from the geometric rate of increase?

A

The rate at which a population is growing.

99
Q

Which piece of information is needed when calculating the net reproductive rate?

A

survivorship curve

100
Q

When tabulating a fecundity schedule, which parental demographic is studied?

A

the adult females

101
Q

What is the clutch size of a female turtle if she nests an average of 1.2 times a year and lays an average of 3.8 eggs per year? (book)

A

3.17 eggs

102
Q

What is the generation time of the mud turtles in Ellenton Bay? (book)

A

10.6 years

103
Q

True or false: Birthrate is measured as the number of young born per female in a given period of time.

A

true

104
Q

What value should you have for r when calculating per capita rate of increase if the population is growing?

A

The value of r should be positive.

105
Q

Turtles average 1.2 nests per year and lay an average of 3.17 eggs. What is the average number of eggs produced by nesting females per year?

A

3.8 eggs

106
Q

Large numbers of vertebrate and invertebrate species are extending their ranges upslope ______.

A

because of global warming

107
Q

What information is gained by knowing the generation time of a population?

A

the average age of reproduction

108
Q

What does a negative value for r indicate when calculating per capita rate of increase?

A

The population is declining.

109
Q

Global warming is causing species to extend their range ______.

A

upslope

110
Q

What information is gained by knowing the generation time of a population?

A

the average age of reproduction

Ecology 2227 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions