Chapter 10: Leadership

Question 1

Generating ideas

Answer 1

Brainstorming, Nominal group technique, Idea writing

Question 2

Brain storming

Answer 2

Group members offer whatever ideas they wish before any are debated

Question 3

Nominal group technique

Answer 3

Group members generate their initial ideas silently and independently, and then combine them and consider them as a group

Question 4

Ideawriting

Answer 4

Members independently list their own ideas and then systematically evaluate one another’s ideas before they are considered by the group

Question 5

How do groups make decisions?

Answer 5

Unanimous consensus
Majority rule
Minority rule
Expert opinion
Authority rule

Question 6

Unanimous consensus

Answer 6

Uncontested support for a decision
- sometimes the only decision in group’s decision making process

False consensus: pressured to support the majority’s wishes
“Group think” - thinking like other people in the group to not be singled out/different

Question 7

Majority rule

Answer 7

Decision-making that follows the will of the majority

Question 8

Minority rule

Answer 8

A small number of members makes a decision on behalf of the group

Question 9

Expert opinion

Answer 9

Reccomendations of individuals who have expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group’s decision making process

Question 10

Authority rule

Answer 10

The leader of the group makes all the decisions

Question 11

Time orientation affects decision making

Answer 11

Cultures impact decision making
- polychronic cultures use consensus even though its more time consuming (Asian, Arab, etc)
- monochronic cultures prefer majority, minority, and authoritarian rule since it saves time (Americans)

Question 12

Psychosocial traits regarding leadership

Answer 12

High self-esteem (confidence)
- Self-esteem = your self-value
High self monitors
- Aware of how they present themselves, etc
Extroversion: friendly, assertive, and outgoing
- usually perceive themselves as leaders
- Others view them as leaders

Question 13

Introversion

Answer 13

Personality trait shared by people who are shy, reserved, and aloof

Question 14

communication apprehension

Answer 14

Anxiety or fear about communicating with others

Question 15

extroversion

Answer 15

Personality trait shared by people who are friendly, assertive, and outgoing with others

Question 16

Leadership styles

Answer 16

Democratic
Autocratic
Laissez-Faire

Question 17

Autocratic leader

Answer 17

Leaders see themselves as having both the authority and the responsibility to take action on a group’s behalf
- makes decisions for everyone

Question 18

Democratic leader

Answer 18

Every member of a group has the right to participate in decision making
- Abides by decisions even if it disagrees with what they want
- Does not involve Democratic Party

Question 19

Laissez Faire leader

Answer 19

Leaders offer minimal supervision
- Leader only gets involved if there’s a problem/conflict

Question 20

Types of Power

Answer 20

• Reward
• Coercive
• Referent
• Legitimate
• Expert
• Informational

Question 21

Reward power

Answer 21

Form of power based on the leader’s ability to reward another for doing what the leader says
○ EX: salary, bonus, raise

Question 22

Coercive power

Answer 22

Form of power that comes from the ability to punish

Question 23

Referent power

Answer 23

Derives from attraction to the leader
EX: someone you admire, someone you respect, someone you don’t want to let down

Question 24

Legitimate power

Answer 24

Leader’s status or position gives them the right to make requests with which others must comply
EX: manager, someone assigned to be acting manager when manager is out (“put in charge”)

Question 25

Expert power

Answer 25

Stems from having expertise in a particular area
○ Ex: conductor in orchestra, surgeon, captain of fire department

Question 26

Informational power

Answer 26

Stems from the ability to control access to information
○ Ex: “I know something you don’t”
○ Information is power

Question 27

Types of approaches to conflict

Answer 27

Conflict = 2 or more interdependent parties enact a struggle over goals they perceive as incompatible (2 dimensions)
- competing
- avoiding
- accomodating
- compromising
- collaborating

Question 28

Competing

Answer 28

“Win”
○ High concern for self, low concern for others

Question 29

Collaborating

Answer 29

“win/win”
○ High concern for self, high concern for others
- Need to have Energy, patience, imagination

Question 30

Accommodating

Answer 30

sacrifice / respectful
○ Low concern for self, high concern for others

Question 31

Compromising

Answer 31

Give up to gain something
○ Moderate concern for self and others

Question 32

Avoiding

Answer 32

Ignore
○ Low concern for self, low concern for others
- doesn’t like any type of conflict

Question 33

Groupthink

Answer 33

Group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts
- Pressure to conform, even if there’s doubts
- Scared to speak up

Question 34

Power

Answer 34

ability to control and influence people
Power is relative
- Someone can have power over someone and not someone else
○ EX: manager has power over you, not your husband