Chapter 10: Leadership Flashcards
Generating ideas
Brainstorming, Nominal group technique, Idea writing
Brain storming
Group members offer whatever ideas they wish before any are debated
Nominal group technique
Group members generate their initial ideas silently and independently, and then combine them and consider them as a group
Ideawriting
Members independently list their own ideas and then systematically evaluate one another’s ideas before they are considered by the group
How do groups make decisions?
Unanimous consensus
Majority rule
Minority rule
Expert opinion
Authority rule
Unanimous consensus
Uncontested support for a decision
- sometimes the only decision in group’s decision making process
False consensus: pressured to support the majority’s wishes
“Group think” - thinking like other people in the group to not be singled out/different
Majority rule
Decision-making that follows the will of the majority
Minority rule
A small number of members makes a decision on behalf of the group
Expert opinion
Reccomendations of individuals who have expertise in a particular area that are sometimes the basis of a group’s decision making process
Authority rule
The leader of the group makes all the decisions
Time orientation affects decision making
Cultures impact decision making
- polychronic cultures use consensus even though its more time consuming (Asian, Arab, etc)
- monochronic cultures prefer majority, minority, and authoritarian rule since it saves time (Americans)
Psychosocial traits regarding leadership
High self-esteem (confidence)
- Self-esteem = your self-value
High self monitors
- Aware of how they present themselves, etc
Extroversion: friendly, assertive, and outgoing
- usually perceive themselves as leaders
- Others view them as leaders
Introversion
Personality trait shared by people who are shy, reserved, and aloof
communication apprehension
Anxiety or fear about communicating with others
extroversion
Personality trait shared by people who are friendly, assertive, and outgoing with others
Leadership styles
Democratic
Autocratic
Laissez-Faire
Autocratic leader
Leaders see themselves as having both the authority and the responsibility to take action on a group’s behalf
- makes decisions for everyone
Democratic leader
Every member of a group has the right to participate in decision making
- Abides by decisions even if it disagrees with what they want
- Does not involve Democratic Party
Laissez Faire leader
Leaders offer minimal supervision
- Leader only gets involved if there’s a problem/conflict
Types of Power
- Reward
- Coercive
- Referent
- Legitimate
- Expert
- Informational
Reward power
Form of power based on the leader’s ability to reward another for doing what the leader says
○ EX: salary, bonus, raise
Coercive power
Form of power that comes from the ability to punish
Referent power
Derives from attraction to the leader
EX: someone you admire, someone you respect, someone you don’t want to let down
Legitimate power
Leader’s status or position gives them the right to make requests with which others must comply
EX: manager, someone assigned to be acting manager when manager is out (“put in charge”)
Expert power
Stems from having expertise in a particular area
○ Ex: conductor in orchestra, surgeon, captain of fire department
Informational power
Stems from the ability to control access to information
○ Ex: “I know something you don’t”
○ Information is power
Types of approaches to conflict
Conflict = 2 or more interdependent parties enact a struggle over goals they perceive as incompatible (2 dimensions)
- competing
- avoiding
- accomodating
- compromising
- collaborating
Competing
“Win”
○ High concern for self, low concern for others
Collaborating
“win/win”
○ High concern for self, high concern for others
- Need to have Energy, patience, imagination
Accommodating
sacrifice / respectful
○ Low concern for self, high concern for others
Compromising
Give up to gain something
○ Moderate concern for self and others
Avoiding
Ignore
○ Low concern for self, low concern for others
- doesn’t like any type of conflict
Groupthink
Group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts
- Pressure to conform, even if there’s doubts
- Scared to speak up
Power
ability to control and influence people
Power is relative
- Someone can have power over someone and not someone else
○ EX: manager has power over you, not your husband
