Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology - BIO 3322 > Chapter 10 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?

A

Central and Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the organs that make up the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

A

Motor Neurons and Sensory Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two subdivisions of Motor Neurons?

A

Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and enteric branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Motor Neurons?

A

CNS to muscles and glands; control skeletal muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Sensory Neurons?

A

Sensory organs to CNS; collect info about environment (internal and external)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

part of Motor Neurons; controls voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Autonomic Nervous Systems

A

part of Motor Neurons; system controls involuntary responses (ex. smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Part of ANS; “fight or flight”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

Part of ANS; “rest or digest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do ANS neurons originate?

A

in the spinal cord OR in the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the ANS originate?

A

in spinal cord w/ sympathetic division (thoracolumbar division) or parasympathetic division (craniosacral division)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ANS is under _____________ control

A

unconscious/involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SNS is under _____________ control

A

voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SNS targets:

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acronym for parasympathetic branch

A

SLUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S.L.U.D.

A

S: salivation
L: lacrimation
U: urination
D: defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pre-ganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic ANS are:

A

craniosacral (arise from cell bodies of nuclei of the cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord segments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do SNS neuronal bodies originate?

A

motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurons of the SNS project:

A

directly onto skeletal muscles that are a part of a motor unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurons of the ANS synapse:

A

in ganglia (swellings) outside of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the parasympathetic branch of the ANS originate?

A

in cranial nerves from the brainstem and sacral regions of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers in parasympathetic branch:

A

long and myelinated, and they synapse in ganglia near the target tissue.

25
Q

Post-ganglionic fibers in parasympathetic branch:

A

short and un-myelinated; receive messages from pre-ganglionic fibers and innervate target tissues;

26
Q

Where do the synapses occur in parasympathetic branch?

A

in ganglia close to target tissues

27
Q

Where do the synapses occur in sympathetic branch?

A

in sympathetic chain ganglia

28
Q

Sympathetic branch pre-ganglionic fibers:

A

cell bodies located in thoracic and lumbar segments of spinal cord

29
Q

Sympathetic branch post-ganglionic fibers:

A

innervate more organs than parasympathetic branch

30
Q

Sympathetic _______________ fibers can take multiple pathways.

A

post-ganglionic

31
Q

Steps of SOMATIC REFLEX

A
  1. proprioceptive receptors signal to dorsal root neuronal cell bodies
  2. afferent dorsal root sensory cells send information via the posterior grey matter of spinal cord/brainstem, where they synapse onto interneurons
  3. cells in motor cortex project to interneurons that synapse on an alpha-motor neuron in dorsal horn
  4. interneurons send signals through the thalamus to the motor cortex in the cerebral cortex
  5. the alpha-motor neuron synapses with skeletal muscle
32
Q

Steps of AUTONOMIC REFLEX

A
  1. visceral sensory receptors signal to dorsal root neurons
  2. dorsal root neurons send sensory information directly to CNS (no interneuron)
  3. efferent information is sent to hypothalamus or cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem, or into the lower cord to pre-ganglionic neurons
  4. pre-ganglionic neurons project out to ganglia and synapse onto post-ganglionic cells
  5. post-ganglionic cells project out and synapse onto target cells.
33
Q

Stereotypic responses of sympathetic division of ANS

A
  • increased heart rate, heart contraction force, blood pressure
  • vasoconstriction of most blood vessels but vasodilation in skeletal muscle, heart and lung
  • mobilization of energy sources from liver, skeletal muscles, and adipocytes
  • increased sweat production
  • decreased food digestion
34
Q

Stereotypic responses of parasympathetic division of ANS

A
  • increased mouth saliva
  • swallowing reflex
  • secretion of acid and enzymes in stomach for digestion of food; increased stomach wall tone and contraction strength
  • secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate-rich buffers in small intestine; increased contractions in GI tract
  • control of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
35
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A
  • transient vasospasm of arteries
  • fingers, toes, nose, ears, and lips
  • turn white then blue
  • numbness and pain
  • due to hyper-activation of sympathetic nervous system causing extreme vasoconstriction of some peripheral blood vessels causing hypoxia.
36
Q

Sympathetic Chain Ganglion

A

chain ganglion carry sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers out to target tissues

37
Q

Splanchnic nerve

A

formed from fibers that do NOT synapse in sympathetic chain; most important structure innervated by this nerve is ADRENAL MEDULLA, made up of modified post-ganglionic sympathetic cells (secretory portion of adrenal medulla)

38
Q

Cells in Adrenal Medulla

A

are round, lack axons and dendrites, aka chromaffin cells (release about 80% epi and 20% norepin)

39
Q

Sympathetic system =

A

entire body

40
Q

parasympathetic system =

A

localized to a specific origin

41
Q

Tissues can be innervated by:

A

parasympathetic division only/ sympathetic division only/ or both

42
Q

When a tissue is innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions:

A

they do it through a system of ANTAGONISTIC CONTROL

43
Q

Antagonistic Control

A

regulators have opposite effects on their target tissue

44
Q

Neurotransmitters work by:

A

physically interacting w/ receptors on the post-synaptic membrane; they are released by neurons

45
Q

3 major receptors in ANS are:

A

acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

46
Q

Receptor activated by acetylcholine

A

cholinergic receptor (if ionotropic (ion channel) then it’s nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; if metabotropic (signaling enzymes) then it’s muscarinic acetylcholine receptor)

47
Q

Receptor activated by norepinephrine or epinephrine

A

Adrenergic Receptors; all adrenergic receptors are metabotropic and are located on target tissues

48
Q

Agonist

A

chemical that can bind to same receptor as a particular neurotransmitter and have the same effect

49
Q

Antagonist

A

can also bind to same receptor as a particular neurotransmitter either at same place of nearby, but blocks the effect of the neurotransmitter

50
Q

Is the parasympathetic nervous system cholinergic or adrenergic?

A

cholinergic;
- pre-ganglionic neurons are cholinergic
- post-ganglionic neurons are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- target tissues are muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5)

51
Q

Is sympathetic nervous system cholinergic or adrenergic?

A

it’s mixed;
- pre-ganglionic neurons are cholinergic
- post-ganglionic neurons are adrenergic, and release norepinephrine/epi. onto target tissues
- 5 adrenergic receptor subtypes: alpha 1 and 2, and beta 1-3.

52
Q

Activation of alpha 1 and beta 1 receptors

A
  • stimulatory response
  • directly stimulated by NE released from post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves
53
Q

Activation of alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors

A
  • variation between target cells
  • do NOT associate w/ post-ganglionic sympathetic synapses and are activated by Epi. released from adrenal medulla
54
Q

Autonomic Reflex Sensory Receptors

A

Baroreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Carotid Body, Osmoreceptors

55
Q

Baroreceptors

A

specialized stretch receptors in walls of aorta and carotid sinuses. Sense the stretch of those organs when blood volume/pressure changes

56
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

respond to chemical stimuli; found throughout body

57
Q

Carotid Body

A

cluster of chemoreceptors near bifurcation of carotid artery that monitors arterial blood pH, CO2, and partial pressure of O2

58
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

found in hypothalamus and detect changes in osmotic pressure and tonicity of CSF.

59
Q

ANS Integration Centers

A
  • scattered throughout brainstem, hypothalamus, and spinal cord
  • important for homeostasis
  • most important is hypothalamus

Human Physiology - BIO 3322 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions