Chapter 10 and 11- Classification and biodiversity Flashcards
What is an autotrophic organism?
Nutrients acquired by photosynthesis
What is a heterotrophic organism?
Nutrients acquired by ingestion of other organisms
Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are multicellular?
- fungi
- plantae
- animalia
Out of the 5 kingdoms, which are unicellular?
- prokaryotae
- Protoctista
Relationship between classification and phylogeny?
Modern classification reflects phylogeny
What are the three domains?
- archaea
- bacteria
- eukaryota
Why do two species share the same first name?
Same genus
Advantages of using binomial nomenclature than common names?
- universal
- different common name for same organism
- no language barrier
- know which genus and species it belongs to
How can you estimate the age of extinct organisms?
Look at fossil record
Fossils deeper in ground older than those near surface
Explain what developments in science show about the nature of scientific knowledge
Always improving
What are domains decided upon?
-amino acid sequences
Why the three domain system is now used in preference to the five kingdom system
- fundamental differences between bacteria and archaea
- bacteria and archaea have diff RNA
- eukaryotes all have 80s ribosomes
Likely causes of variation in body length of x
- environment
- genetics
- age
What four observations did Charles Darwin and Wallace make?
- offspring are similar to their parents
- no two are identical
- organisms can produce large numbers of offspring
- populations tend to remain stable in size
What three sources of evidence are there for evolution?
- fossil record
- comparative biochemistry
- comparative anatomy
What is intraspecific variation?
Differences between organisms within a species
What is interspecific variation?
-differences between members of different species
What type of variation is height
Continuous
What type of variation is blood type?
-discontinuous
What term describes the effect created by predators?
Selection pressure
What term describes the characteristic that leads to increased survival
Adaptation
Suggest factors that cause differentiated survival
- disease
- competition
- environmental change
- hunting
How could you describe the x that managed to reproduce?
Increased reproductive success
What are the three types of adaptations?
- behavioural
- anatomical
- physiological
An organism has 70s ribosomes and circular DNA. What kingdom does it belong to?
Prokaryotae
Which test is used to compare two means?
Student’s t test
Why bats and birds have both evolved wings depsite not being closely related?
- similar lifestyle
- similar selection pressure
- wings are an advantage for survival to both
- alleles for wings more likely to be passed on to next generation
How fossils provide evidence for theory of evolution?
- can see how structures of organisms have changed over time
- there are methods to date fossils
Why interspecies breeding did not work?
- diff genus
- diff species
- generically incompatible
- may have diff no of chromosomes
What does cites stand for?
Convention on international trade in endangered species?
Aims of cites?
- regulate trade in selected animals
- ensure trade does not put wild populations at risk
Factors that need to be taken into consideration when selecting individuals for breeding?
- health
- of reproductive age
- selecting individuals of opposite sex
What can be done to ensure success of release programme after captive breeding?
- adequate food supply
- healthy before release
- no hunting
Classifying organisms called?
Taxonomy
Phylogeny?
Evolutionary relationship between organisms
Which domain parrot belongs to?
Eukarya
What happens if same genus?
-share more recent common ancestor
-will have genes in common
-e.g. both have
-
Variation?
Differences between species
Why reported mass may not be accurate?
- small sample
- individuals sampled may not be representative of population
Why conservation of x is important?
- part of food chain
- potential sources of Medicine
- to maintain biodiversity
Ex situ?
Not in natural habitat
Why better to conserve seed bank than adult plants?
- less susceptible to disease
- remain viable for long periods
- take up little space
- able to store large numbers
Why important to make sure seeds in seed bank have been collected from diff sites in wild?
- to maintain gene pool
- reduces chance of inbreeding
- reduced chance of future disease
How fossil evidence supports evolution?
- fossils show that organisms have changed over time
- can be dated
- show intermediate forms
Ways population of x could be conserved?
- ban fishing
- ex situ: captive breeding
- educating people in fishing industry
5 kingdoms?
- animals
- plants
- fungi
- protocist
- prokaryotes
6 kingdoms?
- animals
- plants
- fungi
- protocist
- archae bacteria
- eubacteria
Outline features of 3 domain system?
- prokaryotes are split into groups bc archae and bacteria are different
- based on differences in DNA
- eukaryotes have been placed in same group no they have similarities
How ability to use x may have evolved from ancestor that had that ability?
- natural selection
- selection pressure is lack of food
- individuals have mutation for x which is random or pre existing
- individuals with mutation survive
- mutation passed on to next generation
- over many generations frequency of Allele / characteristic increases
