Chapter 10

Question 1

a hormone composed of chains of amino acids that is water soluble; usually acts on cell membrane receptors

Answer 1

protein hormone

Question 2

a hormone composed of cholesterol that is not very water soluble; usually passes through the cell membrane and acts on receptors inside the cell

Answer 2

steroid hormone

Question 3

a hormone produced by alpha cells in the pancreas that raises the blood glucose level by promoting the breakdown of glycogen in the liver

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

the region of the brain that releases hormones to control the pituitary gland, which, in turn, controls other endocrine glands

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

a hormone produced by neurons, such as in the hypothalamus, that controls the production of other hormones in the pituitary gland

Answer 5

neurohormone

Question 6

a two-lobed gland within the cranial cavity that produces hormones that control the other endocrine glands

Answer 6

pituitary gland

Question 7

an endocrine gland located in the throat that is regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary system

Answer 7

thyroid gland

Question 8

a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that controls calcium and phosphate levels in the blood

Answer 8

parathyroid gland

Question 9

an endocrine gland located in or on the brain of vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin to regulate biological rhythms

Answer 9

pineal gland

Question 10

endocrine cell clusters inside the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon

Answer 10

islets of Langerhans

Question 11

the main male sex hormone, which stimulates and controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 11

testosterone

Question 12

predominantly female sex hormones, including estradiol, that trigger sexual development

Answer 12

estrogens

Question 13

predominantly female sex hormones, including progesterone, that control the menstrual cycle

Answer 13

progestins

Question 14

a hormone created by humans that behaves like a natural hormone

Answer 14

synthetic hormone

Question 15

glands responsible for the production of sex hormones, as well as the egg and sperm cells; called testes in males and ovaries in females

Answer 15

gonads

Question 16

predominantly male sex hormones, including testosterone, that control sexual development and reproduction

Answer 16

androgens

Question 17

a hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary, which, in turn, control the synthesis and release of the male or female sex hormones in the gonads

Answer 17

gonadotropin - releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 18

the production of eggs, or ova, from oocytes in the ovaries by two meiotic divisions

Answer 18

oogenesis

Question 19

the end of a female’s reproductive capability, after which menstruation ceases and female hormone levels drop

Answer 19

menopause

Question 20

the monthly cycle of events in a sexually mature female that prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg

Answer 20

menstrual cycle

Question 21

the production and development of sperm cells in the testes

Answer 21

spermatogenesis