Chapter 10

Question 1

Arianism

Answer 1

heresy started by Arius, a deacon in Alexandria, Egypt. Heresy said: “Jesus was not God.” signif:

Question 2

Athanasius

Answer 2

a young priest in Egypt who goes against Arius; he did most of the talking at the Council of Nicaea; he was exiled to Trier, Germany by Constantine; Signif: Doctor of Church and defended Incarnation.

Question 3

Council of Nicea

Answer 3

300 bishops, Emperor Constantine, Pope’s representatives, Arius, and Athanasius were there; Athanasius said: “Before Abraham was, I AM.” (Arians couldn’t think of a reply; the Nicene Creed was made (“….consubstantial with the father.” signif: defeated the arian heresy

Question 4

Nicene Creed

Answer 4

made at the Council of Nicaea; key words: “…consubstantial with the Father” (meaning of the same substance); all bishops except 2 signed the creed.

Question 5

Murder Trial

Answer 5

first attempt against Athanasius (by Arian people and Eusebius): Eusebius says: “Athanasius murdered a monk, Arsenius, and cut off his hand and is using is with black magic.” (evidence: Arsenius was gone and Athanasius has a withered hand). There is a trial held; signif: but Athanasius’ smart friends track down Arsenius, who is very much alive with 2 hands.

Question 6

Liberius

Answer 6

Pope of Rome; Constantius wanted him to condemn Athanasius and to approve Arian heresy, but he wouldn’t. So they arrested him and took him to Sirmium for 3 yrs. They told him to sign many formularies. Signif: He proved he was more clever than Constantius with what formularies he signed/didn’t sign.

Question 7

Julian the apostate

Answer 7

emperor in Rome after Constantius. He wasn’t a Christian or an Arian. (he rejected faith completely-apostate) He thinks by re-building the temple will disprove Christianity. So he does, but fireballs come down from the sky, and all the workers leave. (soon after he dies) Signif: orders the arrest against Athanasius.

Question 8

Why did Arianism fail?

Answer 8

• young priest, Athanasius goes against Arius; Constantine calls for Council of Nicea where Athanasius said 2 things Arians couldn’t think of a reply of: “Before Abraham was, I AM.” Nicene Creed said: “consubstantial w/ the Father” (of same substance) –bishops signed Creed.

Question 9

St Ambrose

Answer 9

governor/mayor of Milan, Italy. He has a meeting because the Arians and Christians are fighting who gets to be the Bishop, and people declare “Ambrose as bishop” (so he agrees) A group of pagans disliked Ambrose and hired Augustine to “out-smart” him; Ambrose baptizes Augustine. signif: doctor of Church and reason for Augustine’s conversion.

Question 10

Theodosius

Answer 10

emperor of Rome who ended up in a conflict w/ Ambrose. There is a rebellion against Theodosius and he wants to punish he people. So he pretended he was going to let everyone watch free games, but then he set his soldiers loose and they called 7000 people. So Ambrose tells him he has to do public penance for what he did: had to wear a sackcloth and stand in front of cathedral for a month. signif: he repented to God.

Question 11

St. Augustine

Answer 11

heretic who believed in Manichean religion; he is going to debate against Ambrose, but they end up becoming good friends; Augustine gets interested in Christianity; writes books Confessions and City of God; eventually Ambrose baptizes him and he becomes bishop of Hippo; signif: with the help of Ambrose and prayers of Monica, he converted.

Question 12

Nestorianism

Answer 12

heresy started by Bishop (Patriarch) Nestorius of Constantinople; On Christmas he said: “Mary isn’t the Mother of God.” Pope Celestine calls (ecumenical) Council of Ephesus. signif:

Question 13

Council of Ephesus

Answer 13

Pope Celestine calls (ecumenical) Council of Ephesus (where Mary lived). Celestine chooses Cyril of Alexandria as chairman. It took 1 day). First he said: Is Jesus God? (YES) then Is Mary the Mother of Jesus? (YES). Therefore Mary is the Mother of God. Nestorius repented and heresy died out.

Question 14

Monophysitism

Answer 14

heresy founded by a monk, Eutyches in an Egyptian desert. He said: “God is only God, not man.” Pope Leo the Great calls for the (Robber) Council of Ephesus. signif:

Question 15

Theodora

Answer 15

Empress of Constantinople; she was a monophysite who wanted the Church to be monophysite and she wanted Anthimius to be Patriarch of Constantinople; she gives Vigilius 700 pounds to become Pope (and to make Anthimius Patriarch) signif: she imprisons Pope Vigilius for 10 yrs.

Question 16

Vigilius

Answer 16

monophysite deacon in Rome (who wants to become Pope); made a deal w/ Theodora saying she’d give him 700 pounds if he became Pope and made Anthimius Patriarch; after Pope Silverius dies on an island, Vigilius declares himself Pope. (first anti- Pope to become Pope); Theodora wrote him a letter reminding him of their deal; signif: Vigilius is best historical example of Papal infallibility.

Question 17

What was the Tome of Leo?

Answer 17

“Jesus Christ is one Divine Person possessing two complete natures, human and Divine.”

Question 18

Robber council

Answer 18

Pope Leo the Great calls for the (Robber) Council of Ephesus. The chairman was Dioscorus (a monophysite bishop of Alexandria) they approved monophysite heresy,; signif: but Pope did not approve it and calls is the Robber Council.