Chapter 13 Flashcards
Treaty of Verdun
the treaty all of Louis the Pious’ sons (Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and Lothair) signed to divide the empire; signif: Division of the Empire almost destroyed it; Began modern idea of nations with boundaries; middle kingdom became a fighting grounds for France and Germany
Siege of Paris
Vikings are threatening Empire by coming deeper and deeper; they sail to river, Seine to try and take over Paris (Vikings wouldn’t let people in Paris out); Count Eudes wants to get help- so he asks Charles Fat for help, so he sends him Count Henry. (but Vikings find out and dig puts w/ spikes and they cover them up) so Count Henry’s horses fall in and so he retreats). Charles Fat comes to Paris and says to Vikings: Leave Paris alone, and I’ll give you another province to pillage. signif: people of Paris weren’t happy Charles Fat said that and so they stopped accepting him as HRE and chose Count Eudes as their king instead.
Alfred the Great
son of King Ethelwulf. He thought he was going to be a priest, but he eventually became King of Wessex (biggest Saxon kingdom). Guthrum the Battle Serpent (+ Vikings) wanted to take over Wessex, and so they defeated Alfred and forced him to leave. Alfred and his men hid in the woods and he made up his mind that he could never surrender and that he’d built up his army. In the woods, he had a vision of Blessed Mother and he said: “Don’t give up fighting for your people and the Church.” (after waiting till Spring) Alfred took his army and they fought Vikings in Battle if Ethandune; Alfred fights so well the Vikings are drawn to camp and he puts a siege on them until (after 2 weeks) Vikings surrender and leave Wessex. Alfred is Guthrum’s godfather. Peace until Guthrum breaks treaty and attacks, but Alfred easily defeats him (Vikings leave England) Alfred takes over England and makes London the capital (known as First First King of England and Father of English Language); he’s also a builder of Christendom signif: beginning of England as a nation, builder of Christendom, and end of Viking attacks on England.
Brian Boru
son of King Kennedy of Munster in IRL (Vikings kill him); Brian’s timid bro, Mahon became king (but didn’t want to fight the Vikings). But Brian and his friends decide to fight the Vikings (start winning battles) Evil Desmond family kills Mahon, so Brian becomes king. (and he defeats rival Desmonds family); after, province of Leinster asks Brian to be their king and he agrees. (now king of Munster and Leinster). The Ard Ri Malachy comes into Munster and cuts down the oak tree where kings are crowned thinking it’ll scare Brian (which it doesn’t). Brian has a meeting w/ him and tells him he’s not afraid of him, so Malachy agrees Brian can be ruler of Munster and Leinster) Brian goes after Dublin Danes (Vikings) and he ambushes them in Battle of Glenmama. Brian’s men were in a valley and were hiding before they attacked. After Brian says to Connaught and Ulster: Shouldn’t I be king of you too? (and they agree) so he becomes king of Ulster, Leinster, Munster, Connaught, and he becomes Ard Ri. He is a builder of Christendom; Brian’s wife, Gormlaith keeps bullying her brother, Maelmorra who would’ve been ruler of Leinster if it wasn’t for Brian. Maelmorra starts a rebellion (with Vikings on his side) and Battle of Clontarf Brian (doesn’t fight b/c he’s in his 70’s) but he encourages his men with a cross and sword in his hands: fight for IRL and for Church. Maelmorra, Murrough, and Brian get killed. Brian’s men win. signif: ended attacks of Vikings in IRL, builder of Christendom, first and only one man ruler of all of IRL.
Feudalism
purpose is to bring order out of disorder based on exchange.
Otto the Great
selected king who grew up in Germany; crowned in Aachen (Charlemagne’s capital); Otto greatly admired Charlemagne. A few overlords didn’t swear to Otto (rebels), so he had to fight Battle of Birten- his men were outnumbered, but he prays and they win! (Miracle at Birten). Otto rescued Adelaide (who later becomes his wife) from evil Berengar who wants her land and held her captive at his castle (to marry him). Otto also has to defend his land from Barbarian attacks (like against Magyars at Battle of Lechfield) —after Otto prayed he won battle, and his men cheer him on to be emperor (he didn’t want to officially accept HRE until Pope John XII crowned him. Otto also defeated Slavic Tribe; signif: builder of Christendom, converted Magyars and Slavic Tribes.
Photius
patriarch of Constantinople (became patriarch by forcing other people out); treated Pope Nicholas I’s legates very well- but Nicholas sent Photius a letter saying that he had to accept Pope’s authority- but Photius says Pope is anathema. Entering the Photian Schism; Pope John VIII writes to Photius: “I will appoint you patriarch if you apologize for saying Nicholas is anathema.” Photius replies adding: very saintly Photius. signif: gets idea in peoples heads of not listening to the Pope.
Duke of Spoleto
wanted control over the Church; imprisoned Pope John VIII- and while Pope was there, the duke pillaged Rome. signif: he and his family were incredibly power hungry, but never had control of the Church.
Synod of the Corpse
Pope Stephen VII Spoleto got (old Pope) Formosus Formosan’s dead body out and put it on trial. Formosus is found guilty, but he is: stripped of his papal robes, three fingers of blessing cut off, dragged through St. Peters, thrown into graveyard, and thrown into Tiber River
Cluny Reform
monastery William the Pious finds, which is extremely holy and is getting bigger; spreads all over Europe signif: produces better priests and bishops; Pope Sylvester I was a cluny monk.
Cyril and Methodius
brothers from Byzantine Empire; went to where Slavic people were and came there to preach (+they had to learn the Slavonic language) and they translated Bible and holy books to Slavonic. signif: had the mass celebrated in Slavonic language (instead of traditional Latin/Greek/ Hebrew)
Reasons why evils in the Church at this time do not prove that it is not the true Church?
- Pope’s can sin just as well as anyone else
- no Pope, no matter how sinful, has ever taught false doctrine
- the Church always reforms itself
- even in the worst times, the Church was still evangelizing and bringing more people into the Church
- if Christ were not protecting the Church, it would have collapsed.
