Chapter 10

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

The breakdown of compounds
-releases energy
-provide building blocks

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

building of compounds
-requires energy
-use up building blocks

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Sum of all chemical reasctions within a living organism

Question 4

Coenzyme

Answer 4

organic molecules (non-protein) might be required (vitamins)

Question 5

cofactor

Answer 5

inorganic molecule (non-protein) might be required (minerals)

Question 6

Apoenzyme

Answer 6

protein (main part) may act on its own (depending on the enzyme)

Question 7

Allosteric site

Answer 7

noncompetitive substrate inhibition
-causes active site to change shape

Question 8

Active site

Answer 8

competitive substrate inhibition where the substrate binds and the shape of the cell is essential

Question 9

Dehydrogenation

Answer 9

movement of a hydrogen atom and an electron

Question 10

oxidation

Answer 10

lose an electron

Question 11

Reduction

Answer 11

gain an electron

Question 12

What is an enzyme (define it and two things)

Answer 12

the metabolism of the cell and is a catalyst while most are protein

Question 13

What is the function of an enzyme

Answer 13

-lowers activation energy (catalyst)
-bind to reactant molecules
-ease chemical bond breaking/forming

Question 14

How is an enzyme named

Answer 14

-always ends in ase
-named for purpose

Question 15

list and describe three ways of expression or production of enzymes

Answer 15

-constitutive-produced constantly/same activity
-inducible-environment causes increased production
-repressible-environment causes decreased production

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action in an enzyme

Answer 16

-Active site (substrate bind)
-Form Enzyme (substrate complex)
-Substrate transferred to products
-Products released
-Enzyme is recycled

Question 17

What factors influence enzyme activity and why?

Answer 17

1. Temperature
   -Low temp- molecules move more slowly, the enzyme becomes rigid
   -High temp- protein denatures or unfolds because noncovalent (and hydrogen) bonds are broken
2. pH- high (H+) or (OH-)
   -extreme pH can cause enzymes to denature
3. substrate concentration
   -saturation-all active sites are filled with substrate
4. inhibitors
   -Competitive
   -non competitive

Question 18

Compare and contrast the two types of inhibitors (be specific)?

Answer 18

Competitive
-binds the active site
-no reaction change
-antimicrobial agent sulfanilamide
Noncompetitive
-binds to the allosteric site
-active site changes shape
-feedback inhibition

both keep cell from wasting resources and can be either reversible or irreversible

Question 19

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 19

An end product in a series of reactions inhibits the first enzyme in the series

Question 20

What is a coupled reaction

Answer 20

two reactions happening at once