Chapter 10 Flashcards

Question

maternal mortality rate

Answer 1

is the number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births Developing-171/ 100 000 live births Developed- 16/100 000 births – most in sub Saharan Africa

Answer 2

is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15–19 The teenage pregnancy rate is below 10 per 1,000 in most European countries (and Canada) 110,1000- in developing

Answer 3

The U.N. includes reproductive health as a contributor to G I because in countries where effective control of reproduction is universal, women have fewer children, and maternal and child health are improved

Answer 4

In the context of gender inequality, empowerment refers to the ability of women to achieve improvements in their own status—that is, to achieve economic and political power

Answer 5

1) Seats in the National Legislature: in every country of the world, more men than women hold position of political power - More women than men vote - Rwanda has national parliament with majority of women - Highest % are in Europe, comprise a ¼ of nation parliament - Lowest rates are in southwest Asia and Africa 2) Secondary School: worldwide, 54% of women have completed some secondary (high) school, compared to 64% of men - For every 10 boys who attend high school in developing countries, only 6 girls attend - Boys are ahead in Europe

Answer 6

Countries encourage domestic production of goods, discourage foreign ownership of businesses and resources, and protect their businesses from international competition More popular

Answer 7

Countries open themselves to foreign investment and international markets Began more popular in 20th century

Answer 8

Balanced growth- investment is spread as equally as possible across all sectors are regions Import barriers- setting tariffs on imported goods to makes them more expensive Import licenses Quotas on imports (even with license)- limiting quantities of imports Taxes (heavy taxes on imports)- double or triple price for consumers Export limits- discouraged from making products to sell outside the country Currency restrictions- Indian money could not be converted Permits (to sell a new product, modernize a factory, set prices, hire/fire workers, etc) Subsidies & government ownership- government owned insurance companies and car makers

Answer 9

calls for a country to identify its distinctive or unique economic assets. What animal, vegetable, or mineral resources does the country have in abundance that other countries are willing to buy? Canada- electricity lumber The international trade path derives from a five step model proposed by W.W. Rostow in 1960. Each country is thought to be in one of these five stages

Answer 10

The traditional society - high percentage of people engaged in agriculture and a high percentage of national wealth allocated to “nonproductive” activities ( e.g the military and religion) The preconditions for takeoff - an elite group of well-educated leaders initiates investment in technology and infrastructure The takeoff - Rapid growth is generated in a limited number of economic activities The drive to maturity - Modern technology The age of mass consumption - The economy shifts from production of heavy industry to consumer goods(motor vehicles) South korea singapore and taiwan

Answer 11

During the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries trade increased more rapidly than wealth (as measured by GDP), an indication of the growing importance of the international trade approach

Answer 12

Inefficient industries- businesses could sell all the products they made at high government controlled prices to customers that called for long waiting lists Lack of competitiveness- companies were protected from international competition Corruption- a large beaurocay Black market

Answer 13

International trade attracted many developing countries during the late 20th century Example: India dismantled many of its barriers to international trade: became liberal with permits (foreign companies could set up factories), reduced taxes and tariffs, and eliminated monopolies After converting to international trade, India’s GDP per capita increased rapidly

Answer 14

Countries representing 97 percent of world trade established the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 The WTO enforces agreements designed to reduce barriers to international trade

Answer 15

Promotes the interests of large corporations Compromises sovereignty of individual countries by transferring authority to other organizations

Answer 16

Finance comes from 2 sources direct investment and loans Investment made by a company based in one country in the economy of another country is known as foreign direct investment (FDI) Foreign direct investment grew from $172 billion in 2002 to $646 billion in 2016 FDI does not flow equally around the world Most FDI originates in developed countries USA is leading source of FDI investment China receives FDI

Answer 17

The major sources of FDI are transnational corporations that invest and operate in countries other than the one in which the company headquarters are located An alternative source of loans is microfinance, which is provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries

Answer 18

Microcredit program that focuses on improving the status of landless and poor people (particularly women) Began as a research project (1976) and became a bank in 1983 Seeks to enhance the social and economic status of those in need Average loan is about $300 Loan applicants form groups (collective responsibility) and meet with bank officials Recovery rate is 98% About 10,000 microfinance institutions around the world today

Answer 19

he World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 20

Developing countries borrow money to build new infrastructure, and in theory this will make conditions more favorable for domestic and foreign businesses Half of the loans have gone to seventeen countries, including nine in Africa

Answer 21

international trade that provides greater equity to workers, small businesses, and consumers

Answer 22

Workers on farms and factories | producers

Answer 23

- percentage of women who have full time jobs. the numbers may vary around the world especially in developing countries such as south/southwest asia and north africa where there are large gaps, in east asia and sub-saharan africa there are small gaps.

Answer 24

aising the incomes of small-scale farmers and artisans by eliminating some of the middlemen (Figure 10.10.1). • Distributing the profits and risks associated with production and sale of goods more fairly among producers, distributors, retailers, and financiers. • Increasing the entrepreneurial and management skills of the producers (Figure 10.10.2). • Promoting safe and sustainable farming methods and working conditions, such as by prohibiting the use of dangerous pesticides and herbicides and promoting the production of certified crops

Answer 25

The cooperative can qualify for credit so that funds can be borrowed to buy equipment and invest in improving farms. • Materials can be purchased at a lower cost. • The people who grow or make the products democratically manage allocation of resources and assure safe and healthy working conditions. • Profits are reinvested in the community instead of going to absentee corporate owners.

Answer 26

Paid fair wages, at least enough to cover food, shelter, education, health care, and other basic needs (Figure 10.10.3). • Permitted to organize a union and to have the right to collective bargaining. • Protected by high environmental and safety standards.