Chapter 1: Psychology (based on Sir Jay's module)

Question 1

The cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their environment.

Answer 1

Schema

Question 2

It is an individual’s way to understand or create meaning about a thing or experience. It is like the mind has a filling cabinet and each drawer has folders that contain files of things we had an experience with.

Answer 2

Schema

Question 3

It is the process of fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or schema.

Answer 3

Assimilation

Question 4

It is the process of creating a new schema.

Answer 4

Accommodation

Question 5

Piaget believed that the people have the natural need to understand how the world works and to find order, structure and predictability in their life.

Answer 5

Equilibration

Question 6

It is achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Answer 6

Equilibration

Question 7

We experience this phenomenon when our experiences do not match our schemata or cognitive structures.

Answer 7

Cognitive disequilibrium

Question 8

It is the ability to represent objects and events.

Answer 8

Object permanence

Question 9

It is the ability to represent objects and events.

Answer 9

Symbolic function

Question 10

The tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to assume that everyone also has his same point of view to which the child can not take the perspective of others.

Answer 10

Egocentrism

Question 11

This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects.

Answer 11

Centration

Question 12

Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking.

Answer 12

Irreversibility

Question 13

It is the tendency of children to attribute human-like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.

Answer 13

Animism

Question 14

It refers to the pre-operational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive; reasoning appears to be from particular to particular, and vice versa.

Answer 14

Transductive reasoning

Question 15

It refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.

Answer 15

Decentering

Question 16

The child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.

Answer 16

Reversibility

Question 17

It is the ability to know certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume, or area that do not change even if there is a change in appearance.

Answer 17

Conservation

Question 18

It refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.

Answer 18

Seriation

Question 19

It is the ability to come up with different hypotheses about a problem and to gather and weigh data in order to make final decision or judgment. This can be done in the absence of concrete objects.

Answer 19

Hypothetical reasoning

Question 20

It is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar situation or problem.

Answer 20

Analogical reasoning

Question 21

It is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.

Answer 21

Deductive reasoning