Chapter 1: Psychology (based on Sir Jay's module) Flashcards
The cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their environment.
Schema
It is an individual’s way to understand or create meaning about a thing or experience. It is like the mind has a filling cabinet and each drawer has folders that contain files of things we had an experience with.
Schema
It is the process of fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or schema.
Assimilation
It is the process of creating a new schema.
Accommodation
Piaget believed that the people have the natural need to understand how the world works and to find order, structure and predictability in their life.
Equilibration
It is achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.
Equilibration
We experience this phenomenon when our experiences do not match our schemata or cognitive structures.
Cognitive disequilibrium
It is the ability to represent objects and events.
Object permanence
It is the ability to represent objects and events.
Symbolic function
The tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to assume that everyone also has his same point of view to which the child can not take the perspective of others.
Egocentrism
This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects.
Centration
Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking.
Irreversibility
It is the tendency of children to attribute human-like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.
Animism
It refers to the pre-operational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive; reasoning appears to be from particular to particular, and vice versa.
Transductive reasoning
It refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.
Decentering
The child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.
Reversibility
It is the ability to know certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume, or area that do not change even if there is a change in appearance.
Conservation
It refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.
Seriation
It is the ability to come up with different hypotheses about a problem and to gather and weigh data in order to make final decision or judgment. This can be done in the absence of concrete objects.
Hypothetical reasoning
It is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar situation or problem.
Analogical reasoning
It is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.
Deductive reasoning
