Chapter 1 - Intro to Genetics

Question 1

Modern genetics stared with ________ about 150 years ago, and the next major advance came in the 1970s with _____ ______ technology.

Answer 1

Mendel; DNA cloning

Question 2

T or F: the genetic code is universal.

Answer 2

Almost true! codons code for the same amino acids except for a few rare exceptions.

Question 3

What is the central dogma (principle) of genetic biology? What part of the original central dogma is incorrect?

Answer 3

DNA is transcribed into RNA, then RNA is translated to make proteins.
That the flow of DNA to RNA to protein is unidirectional - retroviruses (HIV) are an exception.

Question 4

Model organisms are a good way to examine common _______.

Answer 4

pathways

Question 5

Model organisms are especially useful in that they have a _____ generation time, significant number of _______, adapt well to the ________ environment, fairly inexpensive, and their ________ have been fully ______.

Answer 5

short; progeny; lab; genomes sequenced/mapped

Question 6

Saccharomyces cerevisiae are eukaryotic/prokaryotic organisms that have been used for _______ structure studies.

Answer 6

eukaryotic; chromosomal

Question 7

C. elegans has been used to study cellular ________ and ________.

Answer 7

development and differentiation.

Question 8

This organism has been used exhaustively to study molecular genetics. Why?

Answer 8

Drosophila melanogaster. A lot of important genetic sequences shared by humans were first identified in Drosophila

Question 9

More recent model organisms include this animal to study communication, behavior, neurology, ecology, and evolution.

Answer 9

Apis mellifera (honey bee)

Question 10

This model mammalian organism has been instrumental in drug development.

Answer 10

mus musculus (mouse)

Question 11

This aquatic model organism has been used to study development.

Answer 11

Danio rerio (zebra fish)

Question 12

Transmission genetics was first explored and published by _______.

Answer 12

Mendel

Question 13

Walter Sutton shows that genes are located on _______ using grasshoppers in the early 1900s.

Answer 13

chromosomes

Question 14

Thomas Morgan used this model organism to study transmission genetics in the early 1900s.

Answer 14

Drosophila

Question 15

Details of gene structure, organization, and function began to unfold using these model organisms in the 1940s.

Answer 15

bacteria and viruses

Question 16

Watson and Crick published their paper in 1953 of the structure of ____.

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

The basic understanding of ______ (protein synthesis) and the genetic code was uncovered in the 1960s.

Answer 17

translation

Question 18

________ DNA technology began in the 1970s.

Answer 18

Recombinant

Question 19

______ technology emerged in the 1980s.

Answer 19

PCR

Question 20

The ____ _____ project was initiated in 1990.

Answer 20

Human Genome project

Question 21

The first full DNA sequence of H. influenza was completed in _____; but the first draft of the human genome was announced in _____/

Answer 21

1995; 2003

Question 22

__________ interfaces molecular biology and computer science.

Answer 22

Bioinformatics

Question 23

The processes that affect gene expression that do not involve changes to DNA sequences is studied in this field.

Answer 23

Epigenetics

Question 24

_______ is new technology that can potentially edit the genome.

Answer 24

CRISPR