Chapter 1 Developmental Defects Flashcards
When does upper lip formation begin?
4-6 weeks
What is this?
Cleft Lip
Failure of fusion between the medial nasal processes and the maxillary process
80% are unilateral
Rule of 10 (10wks, 10lbs., 10gm%HM)
What is this?
Cleft Palate
Failure of fusion between the palatal shelves
Bifid uvula is the minimal presentation of cleft palate
45% of cases are CL+CP
30% are CP only
25% are CL only
What is more common for syndromic clefting, CP+CL, CPO, CLO?
CPO is the most common for sydromic clefting
With that being said nonsydromic clefting is more common than sydromic clefting and it is more common to have CL+CP in nonsyndromic clefting
What is this?
Pierre Robin Sequence
1) Micrognathia
2) Glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue)
3) CP
What is this?
Lateral Facial Cleft
Failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes
What is this?
Oblique facial cleft
Failure of fusion between the lateral nasal process with the maxillary process
Oral facial clefts are most common in what two groups?
Native American 1 in 250
Asian 1 in 300
What type of clefting is common for each gender?
CL+CP for males
CPO for females
What is this?
Submucosal cleft palate
The palatal shelves didn’t fuse but were close enough together that the soft tissue fused
What is this?
Commissural lip pits
What is this?
Paramedian lip pits
Usually bilateral
What makes up Van der Woude sydrome?
Van der Woude syndrome
1) Paramedian lip pits
2) CL+CP (most common form of sydnromic clefting)
3) AD
What is this?
Double Lip
Congenital or acquired
Upper lip > Lower lip
What makes up Ascher syndrome?
1) Double Lip
2) Blepharochalasis
3) Non toxic thyroid enlargement
What is this?
Fordyce Granules
“ectopic” sebaceous gland
What is this?
It goes away when streched
Leukoedema
90% of African adults and 50% of kids have them
What can cause macroglossia?
Vascular Malformations
Muscular hypertrophy
Others:
lymphangioma
Down Syndrome
Macroglossia is a common characteristic of what syndrome?
Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
What is this?
Ankyloglossia
What is this
Lingual Thyroid
Located at the junction of the anterior 2/3s and posterior 1/3 in the midline of the tongue
1/3 of patients have hypothyroidism
Diagnosed with thyroid scan using iodine or technetium-99, CT or MRI
What is this?
Fissured tongue (scrotal tongue)
Patients will often have halitosis and buring sensation on their tongue
Strongly associated with geographic tongue
What is this?
Geographic tongue
a.k.a. bengin migratory glossitis or erythema migrans (when not on the tongue)
What is this?
Hairy tongue
Heavy smokers
Marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla
What is this?
Sublingual Varicosities
Superficial dilated viens
Can become thrombosed or calcify and become a phlebolith
What is a caliber persistent artery?
A large superficial artery
Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates the the ipsilateral side, what might this be?
Coronoid hyperplasia
Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates to the contralateral side, what might this be?
Condylar hyperplasia
What is this?
Torus palatinus
Flat – broad base with smooth surface
Spindle – midline ridge or median groove
Nodular – multiple protuberances, each with an individual base
Lobular – multiple protuberances, arise from a single base
Sessile or pedunculated
What is this?
Torus mandibularis
What is this?
Buccal exostosis
More common on the maxilla
What is this?
Palatal exostosis
What is this?
Stafne Defect
Unilocular radiolucency in the angle of the mandible
Well defined radiolucency below the mandibular canal in the posterior mandible
What is this?
Eagles sydrome
Calcificaiton of styloid ligament
Symptoms
Vague facial pain while swallowing, turning the head, or opening the mouth
Dysphagia, dysphonia, headache, dizziness
Define a cyst?
A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium
Once cysts develop in the oral & maxillofacial region, they slowly increase in size due to elevated hydrostatic luminal pressure
What is this?
Epstein Pearls
What is this?
Nasolabial Cyst
What is this?
Globulomaxillary radiolucency
Radicular cyst (most common)
Periapical granuloma (second most common)
What is this?
Nasopalatine duct cyst
Most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity
6mm diameter is upper limit of normal size for incisive foramen
What is this?
Epidermoid cyst
Arise after localized inflammation of the hair folicle
What is this?
Pilar Cyst
What is this?
Dermoid cyst
Benign, cystic form of teratoma
What could this be?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract
What is this?
Lymphoepithelial cyst
Waldeyer’s ring (palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids)
Presents as a white or yellow, asymptomatic, submucosal mass less than 1 cm in diameter
What is this?
Branchial cleft cyst
Occurs in upper lateral neck along anterior border of SCM as a soft, fluctuant mass in pts ages 20-40
2/3 occur on L neck
What is this?
Hemihyperplasia
Associated syndromes: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, neurofibromatosis, proteus syndrome
What is this?
Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy
What is this?
Apert sydrome
Wide set eyes
Downward slant
Syndactyly
What is this?
Treacher Collins sydrome
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
Hyperplastic zygoma
Coloboma
Underdeveloped mandible
