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Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology > Chapter 1 Developmental Defects > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Developmental Defects Flashcards

1
Q

When does upper lip formation begin?

A

4-6 weeks

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2
Q

What is this?

A

Cleft Lip

Failure of fusion between the medial nasal processes and the maxillary process

80% are unilateral

Rule of 10 (10wks, 10lbs., 10gm%HM)

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Cleft Palate

Failure of fusion between the palatal shelves

Bifid uvula is the minimal presentation of cleft palate

45% of cases are CL+CP

30% are CP only

25% are CL only

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4
Q

What is more common for syndromic clefting, CP+CL, CPO, CLO?

A

CPO is the most common for sydromic clefting

With that being said nonsydromic clefting is more common than sydromic clefting and it is more common to have CL+CP in nonsyndromic clefting

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Pierre Robin Sequence

1) Micrognathia
2) Glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue)
3) CP

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Lateral Facial Cleft

Failure of fusion between the maxillary and mandibular processes

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Oblique facial cleft

Failure of fusion between the lateral nasal process with the maxillary process

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8
Q

Oral facial clefts are most common in what two groups?

A

Native American 1 in 250

Asian 1 in 300

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9
Q

What type of clefting is common for each gender?

A

CL+CP for males

CPO for females

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10
Q

What is this?

A

Submucosal cleft palate

The palatal shelves didn’t fuse but were close enough together that the soft tissue fused

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Commissural lip pits

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12
Q

What is this?

A

Paramedian lip pits

Usually bilateral

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13
Q

What makes up Van der Woude sydrome?

A

Van der Woude syndrome

1) Paramedian lip pits
2) CL+CP (most common form of sydnromic clefting)
3) AD

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Double Lip

Congenital or acquired

Upper lip > Lower lip

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15
Q

What makes up Ascher syndrome?

A

1) Double Lip
2) Blepharochalasis
3) Non toxic thyroid enlargement

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Fordyce Granules

“ectopic” sebaceous gland

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17
Q

What is this?

It goes away when streched

A

Leukoedema

90% of African adults and 50% of kids have them

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18
Q

What can cause macroglossia?

A

Vascular Malformations

Muscular hypertrophy

Others:

lymphangioma

Down Syndrome

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19
Q

Macroglossia is a common characteristic of what syndrome?

A

Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome

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20
Q

What is this?

A

Ankyloglossia

21
Q

What is this

A

Lingual Thyroid

Located at the junction of the anterior 2/3s and posterior 1/3 in the midline of the tongue

1/3 of patients have hypothyroidism

Diagnosed with thyroid scan using iodine or technetium-99, CT or MRI

22
Q

What is this?

A

Fissured tongue (scrotal tongue)

Patients will often have halitosis and buring sensation on their tongue

Strongly associated with geographic tongue

23
Q

What is this?

A

Geographic tongue

a.k.a. bengin migratory glossitis or erythema migrans (when not on the tongue)

24
Q

What is this?

A

Hairy tongue

Heavy smokers

Marked accumulation of keratin on the filiform papilla

25
Q

What is this?

A

Sublingual Varicosities

Superficial dilated viens

Can become thrombosed or calcify and become a phlebolith

26
Q

What is a caliber persistent artery?

A

A large superficial artery

27
Q

Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates the the ipsilateral side, what might this be?

A

Coronoid hyperplasia

28
Q

Patient opens his mouth and the mandible deviates to the contralateral side, what might this be?

A

Condylar hyperplasia

29
Q

What is this?

A

Torus palatinus

Flat – broad base with smooth surface
Spindle – midline ridge or median groove
Nodular – multiple protuberances, each with an individual base
Lobular – multiple protuberances, arise from a single base
Sessile or pedunculated

30
Q

What is this?

A

Torus mandibularis

31
Q

What is this?

A

Buccal exostosis

More common on the maxilla

32
Q

What is this?

A

Palatal exostosis

33
Q

What is this?

A

Stafne Defect

Unilocular radiolucency in the angle of the mandible

Well defined radiolucency below the mandibular canal in the posterior mandible

34
Q

What is this?

A

Eagles sydrome

Calcificaiton of styloid ligament

Symptoms

Vague facial pain while swallowing, turning the head, or opening the mouth
Dysphagia, dysphonia, headache, dizziness

35
Q

Define a cyst?

A

A pathologic cavity lined by epithelium

Once cysts develop in the oral & maxillofacial region, they slowly increase in size due to elevated hydrostatic luminal pressure

36
Q

What is this?

A

Epstein Pearls

37
Q

What is this?

A

Nasolabial Cyst

38
Q

What is this?

A

Globulomaxillary radiolucency

Radicular cyst (most common)

Periapical granuloma (second most common)

39
Q

What is this?

A

Nasopalatine duct cyst

Most common non-odontogenic cyst of the oral cavity

6mm diameter is upper limit of normal size for incisive foramen

40
Q

What is this?

A

Epidermoid cyst

Arise after localized inflammation of the hair folicle

41
Q

What is this?

A

Pilar Cyst

42
Q

What is this?

A

Dermoid cyst

Benign, cystic form of teratoma

43
Q

What could this be?

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Epithelial remnants of the thyroglossal tract

44
Q

What is this?

A

Lymphoepithelial cyst

Waldeyer’s ring (palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, pharyngeal adenoids)

Presents as a white or yellow, asymptomatic, submucosal mass less than 1 cm in diameter

45
Q

What is this?

A

Branchial cleft cyst

Occurs in upper lateral neck along anterior border of SCM as a soft, fluctuant mass in pts ages 20-40

2/3 occur on L neck

46
Q

What is this?

A

Hemihyperplasia

Associated syndromes: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, neurofibromatosis, proteus syndrome

47
Q

What is this?

A

Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy

48
Q

What is this?

A

Apert sydrome

Wide set eyes

Downward slant

Syndactyly

49
Q

What is this?

A

Treacher Collins sydrome

Mandibulofacial Dysostosis

Hyperplastic zygoma

Coloboma

Underdeveloped mandible

Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (13 decks)

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