chapter 1 - bacterial structure, physiology, metabolism, and genetics

Question 1

___ is the first step in bacterial classification

Answer 1

determination of staining characteristics

Question 2

__ and ___ determines the susceptibility of microorganisms to various antibiotic

Answer 2

cell structure and biochemical pathway

Question 3

father of protozoology and bacteriology

Answer 3

anton van leeuwenhoek

Question 4

anton van Leeuwonheok called the microorganisms he saw in water droplet as ___

Answer 4

beasties

Question 5

they lack nuclear membrane and true nucleus

Answer 5

bacteria

Question 6

are a group of unicellular fungi that reproduce asexually

Answer 6

yeast

Question 7

true yeasts do not form ____

Answer 7

hyphae or mycelia

Question 8

fungi that can form as yeast in human temperature and filamentous in room temp is called as

Answer 8

dimorphic

Question 9

___ yeast do not form hyphae or mycelia

Answer 9

true yeast

Question 10

are the smallest infectious particles

Answer 10

virus (virions)

Question 11

can virus have both dna and rna?

Answer 11

nope, only onel

Question 13

do virus has cells?

Answer 13

nope

Question 14

a virus that infects and possibly destroys bacterial cells is known as

Answer 14

bacteriophage

Question 15

the 3 largest domains

Answer 15

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Question 16

difference of archaea and bacteria in terms of walls

Answer 16

archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan,
gram negative archaeal wall stains purple

bacteria’s cell wall for gram negative is pink

Question 17

the archaeal organisms that are salt loving

Answer 17

halophiles

Question 18

the archaeal organisms that are heat loving

Answer 18

thermophiles

Question 19

svedberg is named after whom?

Answer 19

theodor svedberg

Question 20

__ are small, dormant (inactive), asexual spores that develop inside the bacterial cell (vegetative) as a means of survival, although they do become vegetative when the harsh conditions are removed,

Answer 20

endospores

Question 21

endospores are produced by what example of genera

Answer 21

clostridium and bacillus

Question 22

what makes the endospores resistant to chemical agents, temperature change, starvation, dehydration, ultraviolet, and gamma radiation

Answer 22

their thick protein coat

Question 23

under harsh condition , each actively dividing cell (vegetative) will produce how many endospores?

Answer 23

1 endospores each vegetative cell

Question 24

are spores highly refractile?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

since spores are refractile, what type of stain is used for endospores

Answer 25

schaeffer-fulton

Question 26

it acts as an osmotic barrier and is the location of the electron transport chain where energy is located

Answer 26

plasma membrane

Question 27

what are the 2 major types of cell walls

Answer 27

gram negative and gram positive

Question 28

which bacteria has no cell wall?

Answer 28

mycoplasma

Question 29

although, mycobacteria stains gram positive, they do have a modified cell wall which is called as ___

Answer 29

acid-fast cell wall

Question 30

what is the principle component of gram positive cell wall?

Answer 30

very thick peptidoglycan (murein) layer