ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

Question 1

13, 17, 18

Answer 1

diameter of inhibition of erythromycin

Question 2

9, 11, 12

Answer 2

diameter of inhibition of vancomycin

Question 3

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 3

Is a laboratory procedure in which it determines the susceptibility pattern of an isolate

Question 4

ANTIBIOTIC

Answer 4

products of microorganisms that react with and inhibit the growth of another microorganism

Question 5

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 5

is performed on bacteria causing an individual’s infection after they have been recovered in a culture of the specimen

Question 6

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 6

It is used to determine the potential effectiveness of specific antibiotics on the bacteria and/or to determine if the bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics

Question 7

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 7

• The results of this test can be used to help select the drug(s) that will likely be most effective in treating an infection

Question 8

diffusion method and dilution method

Answer 8

give the 2 METHODS OF AST

Question 9

kirby-bauer diffusion method

Answer 9

the most common method in AST

Question 10

broth media, sterile saline or NSS

Answer 10

in pure inoculum, We can use ________, ________, or ________

Question 11

barium chloride, sulfuric acid

Answer 11

McFarland Standard is prepared by adding ______ to ____ to obtain a barium sulfate precipitate

Question 12

barium sulfate precipitate

Answer 12

0.5 McFarland standard combined the 2 reagents to form _______

Question 13

1.5 x 10^8 colony-forming unit/mL

Answer 13

what is the recommended population density of organism in a pure inoculum

Question 14

0.5 mL of 1.175% barium chloride

Answer 14

the 0.5 McFarland standard solution has how many ml and percent of barium chloride

Question 15

99.5 mL of 1% sulfuric acid

Answer 15

the 0.5 McFarland standard solution has how many ml and percent of sulfuric acid

Question 16

0.5 McFarland standard

Answer 16

what is the comparator used for a pure inoculum

Question 17

KIRBY-BAUER METHOD

Answer 17

Also known as Agar Diffusion Method or Disk Diffusion Method

Question 18

MHA (Mueller-Hinton Agar)

Answer 18

in kirby-bauer method, A standardized suspension of organism is inoculated into what agar?

Question 19

lawn culture method

Answer 19

inoculation of the bacteria to the whole surface of the culture media without space.

Question 20

zone of inhibition

Answer 20

the area surrounding the antibiotics that doesn’t have an indication of the growth of bacteria

Question 21

6

Answer 21

the lowest measurement for a zone of inhibition

Question 22

Mueller-Hinton Broth
Trypticase Soy Broth
Sterile Distilled Water
Natural Saline Solution
Brain Heart Infusion Broth

Answer 22

Preparation of pure inoculum, using any of the following:

Question 23

add colonies to inoculum or incubate inoculum

Answer 23

2 ways we can do when the standard is more turbid than the inoculum

Question 24

add distilled water

Answer 24

what we can to when the inoculum is much turbid than the standard

Question 25

smaller

Answer 25

a heavy inoculum will result to a (larger, smaller) zone of inhibition

Question 26

larger

Answer 26

a light inoculum will result to a (larger, smaller) zone of inhibition

Question 27

sterile cotton swab

Answer 27

tool/equipment/apparatus used in streaking the inoculum to a plate

Question 28

sterile forceps

Answer 28

tool/equipment/apparatus used in putting disk into plate

Question 29

25 mm

Answer 29

in putting disks the Space must be at least _______ of each antibiotic

Question 30

Normally 35°C for 16/18-20 hours

Answer 30

the proper temperature and duration of incubating organism is _______

Question 31

ruler or microcaliper

Answer 31

tool/equipment/apparatus used in measuring zone of inhibition

Question 32

S for susceptible or sensitive

Answer 32

in the interpretation of results it indicates that the organism is inhibited by the recommended dose, at the infection site of an antimicrobial agent

Question 33

S for susceptible or sensitive

Answer 33

bacteria are being killed fast

Question 34

I for intermediate

Answer 34

in the interpretation of results it indicates that an organism may require a higher dose of antibiotic for a longer time period to be inhibited

Question 35

R for resistant

Answer 35

in the interpretation of results it indicates that an organism is not inhibited by recommended dose and the Antibiotics are not effective for that particular bacteria

Question 36

20, 28, 29

Answer 36

diameter of inhibition of penicillin to staphylococcus

Question 37

7.2 - 7.4

Answer 37

pH level of growth medium

Question 38

3-5 mm

Answer 38

agar depth

Question 39

4 example of DIFFUSION METHOD

Answer 39

1. Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Method (most common) 2. Agar Cup Diffusion Method 3. Agar Cylinder Diffusion Methods 4. Epsilometer or Gradient Diffusion Method

Question 40

Used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by visually comparing the turbidity of a test suspension with the turbidity of a McFarland standard

Answer 40

Pure inoculum

Question 41

After __ lhours of incubation, the diameters of the zone of inhibitions are measured

Answer 41

16-20

Question 42

8 steps of capsular staining

Answer 42

1. Place a loopful of saline on a labelled slide. 2. Emulsion a single colony. 3. Place a loopful of serum and spread to make a thin smear. 4. Air dry and heat fix gently. 5. Cover smear with Crystal Violet. Hold over flame for a few seconds 6. Wash excess stain with 20% Aqueous CuSO4 (Copper(II) sulfate) 7. Blot dry and view under OIO

Question 43

reagents in capsular staining

Answer 43

crystal violet and 20% aqueous CuSO4 (copper II sulfate)

Question 44

- A standardized suspension of an organism is inoculated into MHA (Mueller-Hinton Agar) - Paper disk impregnated with specific antibiotics concentration are placed into the agar - After 16-20 hours of incubation, the diameters of the zone of inhibitions are measured - Results are compared to determine susceptibility or resistance

Answer 44

principle of kirby-bauer method

Question 45

- It is used to determine the potential effectiveness of specific antibiotics on the bacteria and/or to determine if the bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics

Answer 45

Antimicrobial suscpetibility testing is for?

Question 46

1. Macrobroth Method or Tube Dilution Method 2. Microtube Dilution Method

Answer 46

give the 2 example of dilution method

Question 47

1a suspension of bacteria that has been isolated from a patient. Only one type of bacteria is perent, and it can be a NSS, a saline, or broth media

Answer 47

define what is pure inoculum

Question 48

1. preparation of pure inoculum using any of the acceptable medium 2. standardize pure inoculum usng 0.5 mcfarland standard 3. streak the pure inoculum into the medium (MHA) 4. apply antibiotics 5. incubate 6. measure the zone of inhibition

Answer 48

steps by step procedure in kirby-bauer method

Question 49

if the medium is too thick the zones will be

Answer 49

falsely small

Question 50

if the medium is too thin the zone will be falsely

Answer 50

larg

Question 51

1. growth medium -pH level (7.2 - 7.4) -agar depth (3-5mm) 2. inoculum (density) 3. temperature and atmospheric condition 4. choice of antibiotic panel 5. reading and interpreting results

Answer 51

considerations in AST