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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING > Flashcards

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING Flashcards

1
Q

13, 17, 18

A

diameter of inhibition of erythromycin

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2
Q

9, 11, 12

A

diameter of inhibition of vancomycin

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3
Q

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A

Is a laboratory procedure in which it determines the susceptibility pattern of an isolate

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4
Q

ANTIBIOTIC

A

products of microorganisms that react with and inhibit the growth of another microorganism

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5
Q

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A

is performed on bacteria causing an individual’s infection after they have been recovered in a culture of the specimen

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6
Q

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A

It is used to determine the potential effectiveness of specific antibiotics on the bacteria and/or to determine if the bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics

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7
Q

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A
  • The results of this test can be used to help select the drug(s) that will likely be most effective in treating an infection
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8
Q

diffusion method and dilution method

A

give the 2 METHODS OF AST

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9
Q

kirby-bauer diffusion method

A

the most common method in AST

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10
Q

broth media, sterile saline or NSS

A

in pure inoculum, We can use ________, ________, or ________

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11
Q

barium chloride, sulfuric acid

A

McFarland Standard is prepared by adding ______ to ____ to obtain a barium sulfate precipitate

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12
Q

barium sulfate precipitate

A

0.5 McFarland standard combined the 2 reagents to form _______

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13
Q

1.5 x 10^8 colony-forming unit/mL

A

what is the recommended population density of organism in a pure inoculum

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14
Q

0.5 mL of 1.175% barium chloride

A

the 0.5 McFarland standard solution has how many ml and percent of barium chloride

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15
Q

99.5 mL of 1% sulfuric acid

A

the 0.5 McFarland standard solution has how many ml and percent of sulfuric acid

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16
Q

0.5 McFarland standard

A

what is the comparator used for a pure inoculum

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17
Q

KIRBY-BAUER METHOD

A

Also known as Agar Diffusion Method or Disk Diffusion Method

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18
Q

MHA (Mueller-Hinton Agar)

A

in kirby-bauer method, A standardized suspension of organism is inoculated into what agar?

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19
Q

lawn culture method

A

inoculation of the bacteria to the whole surface of the culture media without space.

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20
Q

zone of inhibition

A

the area surrounding the antibiotics that doesn’t have an indication of the growth of bacteria

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21
Q

6

A

the lowest measurement for a zone of inhibition

22
Q

Mueller-Hinton Broth
Trypticase Soy Broth
Sterile Distilled Water
Natural Saline Solution
Brain Heart Infusion Broth

A

Preparation of pure inoculum, using any of the following:

23
Q

add colonies to inoculum or incubate inoculum

A

2 ways we can do when the standard is more turbid than the inoculum

24
Q

add distilled water

A

what we can to when the inoculum is much turbid than the standard

25
Q

smaller

A

a heavy inoculum will result to a (larger, smaller) zone of inhibition

26
Q

larger

A

a light inoculum will result to a (larger, smaller) zone of inhibition

27
Q

sterile cotton swab

A

tool/equipment/apparatus used in streaking the inoculum to a plate

28
Q

sterile forceps

A

tool/equipment/apparatus used in putting disk into plate

29
Q

25 mm

A

in putting disks the Space must be at least _______ of each antibiotic

30
Q

Normally 35°C for 16/18-20 hours

A

the proper temperature and duration of incubating organism is _______

31
Q

ruler or microcaliper

A

tool/equipment/apparatus used in measuring zone of inhibition

32
Q

S for susceptible or sensitive

A

in the interpretation of results it indicates that the organism is inhibited by the recommended dose, at the infection site of an antimicrobial agent

33
Q

S for susceptible or sensitive

A

bacteria are being killed fast

34
Q

I for intermediate

A

in the interpretation of results it indicates that an organism may require a higher dose of antibiotic for a longer time period to be inhibited

35
Q

R for resistant

A

in the interpretation of results it indicates that an organism is not inhibited by recommended dose and the Antibiotics are not effective for that particular bacteria

36
Q

20, 28, 29

A

diameter of inhibition of penicillin to staphylococcus

37
Q

7.2 - 7.4

A

pH level of growth medium

38
Q

3-5 mm

A

agar depth

39
Q

4 example of DIFFUSION METHOD

A
  1. Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Method (most common)
  2. Agar Cup Diffusion Method
  3. Agar Cylinder Diffusion Methods
  4. Epsilometer or Gradient Diffusion Method
40
Q

Used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by visually comparing the turbidity of a test suspension with the turbidity of a McFarland standard

A

Pure inoculum

41
Q

After __ lhours of incubation, the diameters of the zone of inhibitions are measured

A

16-20

42
Q

8 steps of capsular staining

A
  1. Place a loopful of saline on a labelled slide.
  2. Emulsion a single colony.
  3. Place a loopful of serum and spread to make a thin smear.
  4. Air dry and heat fix gently.
  5. Cover smear with Crystal Violet. Hold over flame for a few seconds
  6. Wash excess stain with 20% Aqueous CuSO4 (Copper(II) sulfate)
  7. Blot dry and view under OIO
43
Q

reagents in capsular staining

A

crystal violet and 20% aqueous CuSO4 (copper II sulfate)

44
Q
  • A standardized suspension of an organism is inoculated into MHA (Mueller-Hinton Agar)
  • Paper disk impregnated with specific antibiotics concentration are placed into the agar
  • After 16-20 hours of incubation, the diameters of the zone of inhibitions are measured
  • Results are compared to determine susceptibility or resistance
A

principle of kirby-bauer method

45
Q
  • It is used to determine the potential effectiveness of specific antibiotics on the bacteria and/or to determine if the bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics
A

Antimicrobial suscpetibility testing is for?

46
Q
  1. Macrobroth Method or Tube Dilution Method
  2. Microtube Dilution Method
A

give the 2 example of dilution method

47
Q

1a suspension of bacteria that has been isolated from a patient. Only one type of bacteria is perent, and it can be a NSS, a saline, or broth media

A

define what is pure inoculum

48
Q
  1. preparation of pure inoculum using any of the acceptable medium
  2. standardize pure inoculum usng 0.5 mcfarland standard
  3. streak the pure inoculum into the medium (MHA)
  4. apply antibiotics
  5. incubate
  6. measure the zone of inhibition
A

steps by step procedure in kirby-bauer method

49
Q

if the medium is too thick the zones will be

A

falsely small

50
Q

if the medium is too thin the zone will be falsely

A

larg

51
Q
  1. growth medium
    -pH level (7.2 - 7.4)
    -agar depth (3-5mm)
  2. inoculum (density)
  3. temperature and atmospheric condition
  4. choice of antibiotic panel
  5. reading and interpreting results
A

considerations in AST

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (10 decks)

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