Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Word Origins:

Pelvis

A

Latin Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Word Origins:

Sinus

A

Latin Sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Word Origins:

Thorax

A

Greek Thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Word Origins:

Artery

A

Latin:

Arteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Word Origins:

Muscle

A

Latin

Musculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Word Origin:

patient

A

Latin:

Patiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Word Origin:

Sperm

A

Greek:

Sperma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Word Origin:

Urine

A

Latin Urina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Word Origin:

Vein

A

Latin vena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Word Origin:

Bladder

A

Old English Blaedre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Word Origin:

Drug

A

Old Dutch droog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Word Origin:

Heart

A

Old English

heorte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Word Origin:

Physician

A

Old French

Physicien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Greek and Latin:

Intestine

A

Greek: enter/o-
Latin: intestin/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Greek and Latin:

Nerve

A

Greek: Neur/o-

Latin nerv/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Greek and Latin:

Skin

A

Greek: dermat/o-
Latin: integument/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plural for Greek singular noun ends in:

-is

A

Form plural by changing -is to:

-ides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:

-nx

A

Form the plural by changing -nx to:

-nges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:

-oma

A

Form the plural by changing -oma:

-omata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plural for Greek singular noun ending in:

-on

A

Form the plural by changing -on to:

-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Plural for Latin singular noun ends in:

-a

A

Form the plural by changing -a to:

-ae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:

-us

A

Form the plural by changing -us to:

-i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:

-um

A

Form the plural by changing -um to:

-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Plural for Latin singular noun ending in:

-is

A

Form the plural by changing -is to:

-es

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Plural for Latin singular noun ends in:

-ex

A

Form the plural by changing -es to:

-ices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Prefix

A

An optional word beginning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Combining Form

A

The foundation of a medical word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Suffix

A

A word ending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What characteristic does a combining form have?

A
  • Foundation of a Medical word
  • Main medical meaning
  • Has a root, a forward slash, a combining vowel, and a hyphen (combining vowels: usually an O, but occasionally it is an a, e, i, or y.
  • Some combining forms will have two forms: i.e. Gastrointestinal (gastr/o- and intestin/o-)
  • Two combining forms can have the same medical meaning because each is from a different language.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Abdomen

A

Abdomin/o-

Lapar/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Artery

A

Arteri/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Intestine

A

Intestin/o-

Enter/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Muscle

A

Muscul/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Thyroid/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Tonsil

A

Tonsill/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vein

A

Ven/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Joint

A

arthr/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Heart

A

Cardi/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Skin

A

Dermat/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Stomach

A

Gastr/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Breast

A

Mamm/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Nose

A

Nas/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Rib

A

Cost/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Blue

A

Cyan/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Liver

A

Hepat/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

White

A

Leuk/o-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Suffixes for an Adjective

A

-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ine, -ive, -ous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

-ac

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Cardiac (Pertaining to the Heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Intestinal (Pertaining to the Intestines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

-ar

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Muscular (Pertaining to a muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

-ary

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Urinary (Pertaining to the Urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Pelvic (Pertaining to the pelvis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

-ine

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Uterine (Pertaining to the Uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

-ive

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Digestive (Pertaining to break down food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

-ous

A

Pertaining to

Ex. Venous (Pertaining to a Vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

-ation

A

Being; having; process

Ex. Urination (Process (of making) urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

-ion

A

Action; condition

Ex. Digestion (action (to) break down food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Suffixes for a Process:

A
  • ation

- ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Suffixes for a disease

A

-ia, -ism, -itis, -megaly, -oma, -osis, -paths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

-ia

A

Condition; state; thing

Ex. Pneumonia (condition (of the) lung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

-ism

A

Disease from a specific cause; process

Ex. Hypothyroidism (disease from a specific cause (of) deficient thyroid gland (hormone))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

-itis

A

Infection of; inflammation of

Ex. Tonsillitis (Infection of (the) tonsil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement

Ex. Cardiomegaly (enlargement (of the) heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

-oma

A

Mass; Tumor

Ex. Neuroma (tumor (on a) nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition; process

Ex. Vaginosis (abnormal condition (of the) vagina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

-pathy

A

Disease

Ex. Arthropathy (disease (of the) Joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical Removal

Ex. Tonsillectomy (surgical removal (of the) Tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

-gram

A

Picture; Record

Ex. Mammogram (picture (of the) breast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

Ex. Arteriography (process of recording (an) artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

-metry

A

Process of measuring

Ex. Densitometry (process of measuring (the) density (of bone))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

-scope

A

Instrument used to examine

Ex. Colonoscope (instrument used to examine (the) colon)

72
Q

-scopy

A

Process of using an instrument to examine

Ex. Gastroscopy (process of using an instrument to examine (the) stomach)

73
Q

-tomy

A

Process of making an incision

Ex. Laparotomy (Process of making an incision (in the) abdomen)

74
Q

Suffix for medical speciality or specialists

A

-iatry, -ics, -ist, -logy

75
Q

-iatry

A

Medical treatment

Ex. Psychiatry (Medical treatment (for the) mind)

76
Q

-ics

A

Knowledge; practice

Ex. Obstetrics (knowledge and practice (of) pregnancy and children)

77
Q

-ist

A

Person who specializes in; thing that specializes in

Ex. Therapist ( person who specializes in treatment)

78
Q

-logy

A

Study of

Ex. Cardiology (study of (the) heart)

79
Q

Prefixes for Location or Direction

A

Epi-, inter-, intra-, peri-, post-, pre-, sub-, trans-

80
Q

Epi-

A

Above; upon

Ex. Epidermal (pertaining to upon (the) skin)

81
Q

Inter-

A

Between

Ex. Intercostal (pertaining to between (the) ribs)

82
Q

Intra-

A

Within

Ex. Intravenous (pertaining to within (a) vein)

83
Q

Peri-

A

Around

Ex. Pericardial (pertaining to around (the) heart)

84
Q

Post-

A

After; behind

Ex. Postnasal (pertaining to behind (the) nose)

85
Q

Pre-

A

Before; in front of

Ex. Prenatal (Pertaining to before (a) birth)

86
Q

Sub-

A

Below; underneath; less than

Ex. Subcutaneous (pertaining to underneath (the) skin)

87
Q

Trans-

A

Across; through

Ex. Transvaginal (pertaining to through (the) vagina)

88
Q

Prefixes for amount, number, or speed

A

Bi-, Brady-, hemi-, hyper-, hypo-, poly-, quadri-, tachy-, Tri-

89
Q

Bi-

A

Two

Ex. Bilateral (pertaining to two sides)

90
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

Ex. Bradycardia (condition (of a) slow heart)

91
Q

Hemi-

A

One half

Ex. Hemiplegia (condition (of) on half (of the body with a) paralysis)

92
Q

Hyper-

A

Above; more than normal

Ex. Hypertension (condition (of) more than normal pressure)

93
Q

Hypo-

A

Below; Deficient

Ex. Hypothyroidism (disease from a specific cause (of) deficient thyroid gland (hormone))

94
Q

Poly-

A

Many; much

Ex. Polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves)

95
Q

Quadri-

A

Four

Ex. Quadriplegia (condition (of) four (limbs with) paralysis

96
Q

Tachy-

A

Fast

Ex. Tachycardia (condition (of a) fast heart)

97
Q

Tri-

A

Three

Ex. Trigeminal (pertaining to three (nerve branches in a) group)

98
Q

An-

A

Not; without

Ex. Anesthesia (condition (of being) without sensation)

99
Q

Anti-

A

Against

Ex. Antibiotic (pertaining to (a drug that is) against living organisms)

100
Q

Dys-

A

Abnormal; difficult; painful

Ex. Dysphagia (condition (of) difficult (or) painful eating (and) Swallowing)

101
Q

Re-

A

Again and again; backward; unable to

Ex. Respiration (process (of) again and again (to) breathe)

102
Q

Prefixes for Degree or Quality

A

An-, anti-, dys-, re-

103
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Laying down face up, palms face up and eyes forward

104
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane that divides the body in the midline into right and left sides.

105
Q

Coronal Plane

A

AKA: Frontal Plane

Vertical plane that divides the body in the midline into front and back section.

106
Q

Moving towards the midline

A

Midline

107
Q

Moving away or from the midline toward either side of the body

A

Lateral

108
Q

The front of the body

A

Anterior or ventral

109
Q

Moving toward the front of the body

A

Anterior or Anteriorly

110
Q

The back of the body is

A

Posterior or Dorsal

111
Q

Moving from the midline toward the back

A

Posterior direction.

112
Q

Prone position

A

Laying face down is being in a prone position

113
Q

Dorsal supine Position

A

Lying on the back is being in the dorsal supine position.

114
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections.

115
Q

The upper part of transverse plane

A

Superior

116
Q

The lower part of transverse plane

A

Inferior

117
Q

Moving from midline toward the head is moving:

A

Superior or Superiorly

Also called the cephalad direction

118
Q

Moving from the midline toward the tailbone is moving:

A

Inferior direction or Inferiorly

Also called Caudad

119
Q

Distal

A

Moving from the trunk of the body toward the end of the arm or leg.

120
Q

Proximal

A

Moving from the end of an arm or leg toward its point of attachment of the trunk.

121
Q

Hemat/o-

A

Blood

122
Q

Cav/o-

A

Hollow space

123
Q

Body cavity

A

Hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles that support and protect organs and structures within the cavity. There are five body cavities.

124
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Body cavity formed by the combined abdominal and pelvic cavities.

125
Q

Pelv/o-

A

Hip bone; pelvis; renal pelvis

126
Q

Tom/o-

A

Cut; layer; slice

127
Q

Body plane

A

An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two parts. There are three planes: The sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane.

128
Q

Body quadrants

A

Four divisions on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area: Left upper quadrant (LUQ), right upper quadrant (RUQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ), and right lower quadrant (RLQ).

129
Q

Body Regions

A 
Nine divisions on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area:
Hypochondriac regions (Left and Right), Epigastric region, Lumbar Region (Left and Right), umbilical region, inguinal regions (Left and Right), and the hypogastric region.
130
Q

Body system

A

Several organs and related structures that function together.

131
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Body system that includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and related structures. It transports the blood throughout the body.

132
Q

Dentistry

A

Medical specialty related to the teeth. The medical specialist is a dentist.

133
Q

Dietetics

A

Medical specialty related to diet and nutrition. The health care specialists are dietitians and nutritionists.

134
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the human body

135
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Body cavity within the bony cranium of the head; it contains the brain, cranial nerves, and the related structures.

136
Q

Disease

A

Any change in the normal structure or function of the body.

137
Q

Endocrine system

A

Body system that includes the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. It secretes hormones and maintains body homeostasis.

138
Q

Endocrinology

A

Medical specialty related to the endocrine system. The physician specialist is an endocrinologist.

139
Q

Epigastric region

A

Region on the anterior surface of the abdominopelvic area, superior to the umbilical region.

140
Q

Etiology

A

Cause or origin of a disease.

141
Q

External

A

Body position on the outer, superficial surface of the body of an organ

142
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Medical specialty related to the gastrointestinal system. The physician specialist is a gastroenterologist.

143
Q

Gastrointestinal system

A

Body system that includes the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and related structures. It digests food, absorbs nutrients and removes undirected wastes. It sends sensory information to the brain fro that sense of taste.

144
Q

Geriatrics

A

Medical specialty related to older adults. The physician specialist is a geriatrician or a gerontologist.

145
Q

Gynecology

A

Medical specialty related to the female genitalia system. The physician specialist is a gynecologist.

146
Q

Health

A

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

147
Q

Acute

A

Symptoms and signs of diseases that are sudden in nature and severe in intensity

148
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Showing no symptoms or signs of disease.

149
Q

Chronic

A

Symptoms and signs of disease that continue for 3 months or longer.

150
Q

Congenital disease

A

Caused by an abnormality in fetal development or an abnormal process that occurs during gestation or birth

151
Q

Degenerative Disease

A

Caused by progressive destruction of cells due to disease or the aging process

152
Q

Disability

A

Permanent loss of the ability to perform certain activities or function in a given way.

153
Q

Disease

A

ANy change in the normal structure or function of the body.

154
Q

Environmental Disease

A

Caused by exposure to substances in the environment.

155
Q

Etiology

A

The cause or origin of a disease.

156
Q

Exacerbation

A

Sudden worsening in the severity of symptoms or signs.

157
Q

Genetic disease

A

Caused by a mutation in a person’s genes or chromosomes during fetal development.

158
Q

Hereditary disease

A

Caused by an inherited recessive defective gene, passed to a child from a parent who carries the defective gene but does not have the disease.

159
Q

Hospital-acquired infection

A

Caused by exposure to a disease-causing agent while in the hospital. Previously known as a nosocomial infection.

160
Q

Iatrogenic disease

A

Caused by medicine or treatment given to the patient.

161
Q

Idiopathic disease

A

Having no identifiable or confirmed cause

162
Q

Infectious disease

A

Caused by a pathogen. A communicable disease is an infectious disease that is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with an infected person, animal, or insect.

163
Q

Neoplasticism disease

A

Caused by the growth of a benign (not cancerous) or a malignant (cancerous) tumor or mass.

164
Q

Nutritional disease

A

Caused by lack of nutritious food, too little good, or an inability to utilize the food that is eaten.

165
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease-causing microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, etc.

166
Q

Prognosis

A

Predicted course and outcome of a disease

167
Q

Recuperation

A

Process of recovery and return to a normal state of health.

168
Q

Refractory

A

Pertaining to a disease that does not respond well to treatment.

169
Q

Remission

A

Temporary improvement in the symptoms or signs of a disease without the underlying disease being cured

170
Q

Sequela

A

complication that is caused by the original disease and remains after the original disease has resolved.

171
Q

Sign

A

Symptom that can be seen or detected by others

172
Q

Surgery

A

Operative procedure to treat a disease that cannot be treated with drugs or therapy.

173
Q

Symptom

A

Any deviation from health that is experienced and felt by the patient

174
Q

Symptomatology

A

Clinical picture of all the patient’s symptoms and signs

175
Q

Syndrome

A

Set of symptoms and signs associated with and characteristic of a specific disease.

176
Q

Subacute

A

Symptoms and signs that are less severe in intensity than acute symptoms

177
Q

Terminal illness

A

Disease from which there is no hope o recovery and one that will eventually result in the patient’s death.

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions