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Cultural Counseling > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Culture

A

Totality of human experience for social contexts

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1
Q

Cultural Identity

A

Degree to which people identify belonging to cultural subgroups or categories

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2
Q

Universal culture

A

Commonalities shared by all cultures of humankind (language, social norms, physiological responses & functions)

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3
Q

Group culture

A

Characteristics shares by a particular group

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4
Q

Individual culture

A

Behaviors, attitudes, and cognition a unique to a single person

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5
Q

Cultural encapsulation

A

Narrow, rigid view of the world using one’s own culture groups as the reference

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6
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Evaluating other cultures based upon one’s own culture as the norm

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7
Q

Individualism

A

Behaviors & attitudes guided by incentives of self-determination and independence

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8
Q

Collectivism

A

Decisions and values based on what is best for others

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9
Q

Race

A

Arbitrary socially constructed classification of people based on physical distinctions

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10
Q

Nationality

A

A person’s nation of origin

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11
Q

Ethnicity

A

Shared characteristics of culture, religion, language

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12
Q

Generational status

A

Clusters of particular age groups within a particular social & historical context

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13
Q

Gender

A

Expression of social categories based around sex

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14
Q

Gender roles

A

Behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for males and females

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15
Q

Androgyny

A

Blending of masculine and feminine

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16
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Sexual/affectional attraction to a particular gender (or both)

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17
Q

Sexual identity

A

Degree of identification with a particular sexual orientation

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18
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

Determined by social, educational, and financial resources available

19
Q

Disability

A

Mental or physical impairment affecting a person’s daily activities

20
Q

Spirituality

A

Connection with oneself and/or the universe as a whole

21
Q

Religion

A

Behaviors and practices of a particular faith

22
Q

Advocacy

A

Promoting an idea, policy, or cause to better the lives of people with less power, access, advantage, or social status

23
Q

Privilege

A

Unconscious/unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social position

24
Q

Oppression

A

Lack of power, in accessibility, disadvantage, and minority social status

25
Q

Worldview

A

A person’s conceptualization of his/her relationship with the world

26
Q

Locus of responsibility

A

A person’s perception of his or her own Accountability (internal or external)

27
Q

Ableism

A

discrimination against those with disabilities, such as assuming a person with a physical disability is also mentally impaired

28
Q

Locus of control

A

the degree of control individuals perceive they have over their environment (internal or external)

29
Q

Human nature

A

the degree to which an individual believes humans are basically good, bad, or a combo of both

30
Q

Relationship to nature

A

how an individual views nature (harmony, power over, or power of nature)

31
Q

Sense of time

A

aspect of time an individual focuses on (past, present, or future)

32
Q

Activity

A

how self-expression occurs for an individual (BEING with internal self-focus, BEING-IN-BECOMING with goal orientation, or DOING externally generated work)

33
Q

Social relationships

A

degree of hierarchy and group focus within a culture (lineal-hierarchical, collateral-mutual, or individualistic)

34
Q

Communication

A

verbal (w/ use of metaphors to connect with other cultures) and nonverbal (including proxemics, kinesics, and paralanguage)

35
Q

Self-reflective process

A

the counselor evaluates how s/he inadvertently communicates personal biases, values, and assumptions to a client

36
Q

Prejudice

A

prematurely holding a belief or attitude w/out appropriate examination or consideration of actual data (as opposed to discrimination, which is an action)

37
Q

Discrimination

A

covert and overt behaviors based on generalizations held about individuals based on cultural group memberships

38
Q

Immigration

A

process in which foreign-born individuals settle in a new country

39
Q

Acculturation

A

degree to which immigrants identify with and conform to a new culture of a host society or integrate new cultural values into their current value system

40
Q

biculturalism

A

process in which individuals identify both with their own culture and the host culture

41
Q

Multicultural Counseling Competence (MCC)

A
  1. Counselor awareness of own cultural values & biases
  2. Counselor awareness of client’s worldview
  3. Culturally appropriate intervention strategies
42
Q

Systems approach to multicultural counseling

A

Individual, family, community, historical influences considered

43
Q

etic

A

focuses on universal qualities common to all cultures

44
Q

emic

A

focuses on divergent attitudes, values, and behaviors of specific cultures

45
Q

with-group vs. between-group differences

A

there are more within-group than between-group differences

Cultural Counseling (9 decks)

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