Chapter 1 Flashcards
Describe components of the hierarchy of life (structural hierarchy)- know the order. Define negative feedback.
What is the simplest level in the hierarchy of life?
The simplest level in the hierarchy of life is atoms.
What are atoms?
Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element.
What comes after atoms in the hierarchy of life?
Molecules come after atoms in the hierarchy of life.
What are molecules?
Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together, forming compounds like water or macromolecules like DNA and protein.
What comes after molecules?
Organelles come after molecules.
What are organelles?
Organelles are specialized structures within a cell, such as the mitochondria (energy production) or the nucleus (DNA storage).
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life.
What comes after cells?
Tissues come after cells.
What are tissues?
Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
What are organs?
Organs are structures of two or more tissue types working together to perform specific functions.
What are organ systems?
Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
What is the highest level in the hierarchy of life?
Organisms are the highest level in the hierarchy of life.
What are organisms?
A complete, living individual composed of various organ systems working together to sustain life.
What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is a mechanism that maintains homeostasis by detecting changes and initiating responses to reverse them, bringing the variable back to its normal range.
What are the steps involved in negative feedback?
- Stimulus: A change occurs in the internal environment.
- Sensor (Receptor): Detects the change and signals in the control center.
- Control Center: Processes information and activates an effector.
- Effector: Produces a response that counteracts the change
- Outcome: The variable returns to its set point, and the process stops.
What is the role of the stimulus in negative feedback?
The stimulus is the initial change in the internal environment that triggers the feedback mechanism (e.g., an increase in body temperature or a drop in blood sugar).
What is the role of the receptor in negative feedback?
The receptor detects changes in a variable (for example increased body temperature) and sends signals to the control center)
What is the role of the control center in negative feedback?
The control center processes information from the receptor and activates an appropriate effector to restore homeostasis.
What is the role of the effector in negative feedback?
The effector produces a response that counteracts the change and restores the variable to its normal range (set point).
