Chapter 04: Gene Interaction

Question 0

haplosufficiency (n.)

Answer 0

the ability of one copy of an allele to be sufficient to express the wild-type (dominant) phenotype

Question 1

gene interactions (n.)

Answer 1

the ways genes collaborate or interact to influence a phenotype

Question 2

haploinsufficiency (n.)

Answer 2

the inability of a single copy of an allele to produce the wild-type phenotype

Question 3

gain-of-function mutation (n.)

Answer 3

A mutation in which the gene product acquires a new function or expresses increased wild type activity

Question 4

loss-of-function mutation (n.)

Answer 4

A mutation in which the result is a significant decrease or complete loss of wild type gene product

Question 5

neomorphic mutations (n.)

Answer 5

mutations that result in novel gene activities not found in the wild type

Question 6

partial dominance (n.)

Answer 6

when heterozygous individuals display an intermediate phenotype between either homozygous type

Question 7

What is another term for partial dominance?

Answer 7

Incomplete dominance

Question 8

codominance (n.)

Answer 8

a detectable expression of both alleles, in which heterozygotes have a different phenotype than either homozygote

Question 9

allelic series (n.)

Answer 9

the order of dominance among alleles at the same locus

Question 10

penetrant (n.)

Answer 10

the phenotype of a trait being consistent with the genotype

Question 11

nonpenentrant (n.)

Answer 11

the non-expression of the phenotype associated with a genotype

Question 12

incomplete penetrance (n.)

Answer 12

traits for which nonpenetrance commonly occurs

Question 13

variable expressivity (n.)

Answer 13

when the same genotype produces phenotypes that vary in degrees or magnitude of expression

Question 14

pleiotropy (n.)

Answer 14

the alteration of multiple distinct traits by a mutation in a single gene

Question 15

biosynthetic pathway (n.)

Answer 15

network of interacting genes that produces a molecular compound as an endpoint

Question 16

signal transduction pathway (n.)

Answer 16

pathway that receives a chemical signal outside the cell and initiates a response inside the cell

Question 17

developmental pathway (n.)

Answer 17

pathway that directs growth, development, and differentiation of body parts and structures

Question 18

epistasis (n.)

Answer 18

the alleles of one gene modify or prevent expression of the alleles of another gene

Question 19

genetic anticipation (n.)

Answer 19

phenom omen in which a trait becomes more strongly expressed or expressed earlier from generation to generation

Question 20

What is the phenotype ratio in the absence of gene interaction?

Answer 20

9:3:3:1

Question 21

What is the phenotype ratio in dominant gene interaction?

Answer 21

9:6:1

Question 22

What is the phenotype ratio in complementary gene interaction?

Answer 22

9:7

Question 23

What is the phenotype ratio in duplicate gene interaction?

Answer 23

15:1

Question 24

What is the phenotype ratio in recessive epistasis?

Answer 24

9:3:4

Question 25

What is the phenotype ratio in dominant epistasis?

Answer 25

12:3:1

Question 26

What is the phenotype ratio in dominant suppression?

Answer 26

13:3