Chapter 01: Heredity and Evolution

Question 0

genotype (n.)

Answer 0

the genetic constitution of an organism

Question 1

phenotype (n.)

Answer 1

the observable traits of an organism

Question 2

alleles (n.)

Answer 2

variations in the form of a gene

Question 3

Who identified DNA as the hereditary material?

Answer 3

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarthy

Question 4

genome (n.)

Answer 4

the complete set of genetic information carried by a species

Question 5

progenote (n.)

Answer 5

shared common origin

Question 6

Who elucidated the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

Watson and Crick

Question 7

Who performed the X-ray crystallography of DNA that allowed its structure to be determined?

Answer 7

Rosalind Franklin

Question 8

Chargaff’s rule (n.)

Answer 8

the rule that the percentages of adenine and thymine are roughly equal, as are the percentages of guanine and cytosine

Question 9

What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 9

A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 10

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Answer 10

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 11

What links the nucleotides in DNA?

Answer 11

A phosphodiester bond between the 5’ phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3’ hydroxyl group of the other

Question 12

What is the complement to adenine?

Answer 12

Thymine

Question 13

What is the complement to guanine?

Answer 13

Cytosine

Question 14

What is the complement to thymine?

Answer 14

Adenine

Question 15

What is the complement to cytosine?

Answer 15

Guanine

Question 16

What are the four processes of evolution?

Answer 16

Natural selection, migration, genetic drift, and mutation