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psychology > chapt. 7 > Flashcards

chapt. 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is memory

A

a collection of several systems that store info in different forms for various times

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2
Q

atkinson-shiffron model

A

3 memory stores, long/short-term for various

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3
Q

control processes

A

shifts from one memory store to another

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4
Q

attention

A

selects what info is passed to STM

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5
Q

encoding

A

storing sensory info in LTM

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6
Q

retrieval

A

brings info from LTM to STM

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7
Q

sensory memory

A

memory store accurately holds awareness info for a brief moment

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8
Q

iconic memory

A

visual form of sensory memory

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9
Q

echoic memory

A

auditory form of sensory memory, held longer

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10
Q

STM

A

limited capacity/duration of memory

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11
Q

chunking

A

organizing smaller bits of info into larger meaningful chunks

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12
Q

LTM

A

holds info for a long time

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13
Q

tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

retrieve similar sounding words, but not actual word

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14
Q

serial position effect

A

remembering first and last items of a list

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15
Q

proactive interference

A

first info learned overshadows older memories

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16
Q

retroactive interference

A

most recent info overshadows older memories

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17
Q

rehearsal

A

repeating info

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18
Q

working memory

A

STM remembers combo of components temporarily storing small bits of info at a time

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19
Q

phonological loop

A

storage component of working memory, relies on rehearsal, stores small bits of info at a time

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20
Q

word-length effect

A

people remember 1 syllable words

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21
Q

visuospatial sketchpad

A

storage component that keeps you aware of your surroundings/objects

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22
Q

feature binding

A

combines visual features into single unit

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23
Q

episodic buffer

A

working memory combines images nad sounds into story-like episodes

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24
Q

central executive

A

control centre of working memory, coordinates attention, exchanges info between three storage components

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25
Q

declaritive LTM

A

consciously aware of things we can declare

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26
Q

nondeclaritive

A

actions/behaviours we remember without awareness

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27
Q

episodic memories

A

“I did this”, personal experiences

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28
Q

sematic memories

A

facts about the world

29
Q

procedural memory

A

muscle memory

30
Q

long-term potentiation

A

increase of transmission of neural signals between nerve cells firing together

31
Q

consolidation

A

converts short-term memories to long-term

32
Q

amnesia

A

loss of at least 1 memory form

33
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inabaility to form new memories

34
Q

memory storage

A

time/manner in which info is retrieved between encoding and retrieval

35
Q

reconsolidation

A

hippocampus modifies/updates/strengthens existing memories

36
Q

cross-cortical storage

A

LT declaritive memories form networks in different regions of the cortex

37
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

memory for events before trauma is lost

38
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

prolonging exposure to info through repetition

39
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

thinking about its meaning, studying

40
Q

shallow processes

A

sound/spelling of the word

41
Q

deep processes

A

thinking about the meaning

42
Q

self-reference effect

A

thinking how the info is meaningful to you

43
Q

recognition

A

identifying stimulus

44
Q

encoding specificity principle

A

retrieval most effective when conditions of encoding/retrieval are the same

45
Q

context-dependent

A

characteristics of environment serves as clues

46
Q

state-dependant memory

A

retrieval more effective when internal state matches encoding state

47
Q

mood dependant

A

retrieval more effective when mood matches encoding mood

48
Q

emotional memories

A

recalled more

49
Q

flashbulb memory

A

vivid memory of event about how you learned about the event

50
Q

forgetting curve

A

rate of forgetting slows down, until you don’t forget anymore

51
Q

mnemonic

A

technique to remember

52
Q

method of loci

A

mnemonic connecting words to be remembered to locations

53
Q

acronym

A

letters represent initials of phrase

54
Q

first-letter techniques

A

first letters spell word to form a sentence

55
Q

dual-coding

A

combining two perceptions, like visual and sound to LTM

56
Q

desirable difficulties

A

techniques make studying slower and more effort, but better for overall memory

57
Q

testing effect

A

practice tests before exam

58
Q

cognitive offloading

A

use of action/device to reduce cognitive demands by given task

59
Q

schemas

A

organized clusters of memories that reflect someone’s knowledge or beliefs about something

60
Q

constructive memory

A

we first recall generalized schema then add details later

61
Q

infantile amnesia

A

no memories before 3 years old

62
Q

false memory

A

incorrect recall

63
Q

misinformation effect

A

info affects memories

64
Q

source memory

A

where/how memory was acquired

65
Q

imagination inflation

A

increase confidence of false memory followed by repeated imagination of event

66
Q

guided imagery

A

helps people recover details of events by imagining

67
Q

DRM procedure

A

participants study highly related words called semantic associates

68
Q

recovered memory

A

recovered after blocking out from traumatic event

psychology (18 decks)

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