Chap10- Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

Question 1

(Erikson) Industry vs. inferiority stage

Answer 1

The period from age 6 to 12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world.

Question 2

Low self-esteem

Answer 2

authoritative parenting style helps promote children’s self-esteem.

Question 3

Morality- Kohlberg

Answer 3

moral development emerges in a three-level sequence:

• Pre-conventional: ppl follow rigid rules based on punishments & rewards.
• conventional: ppl approach moral probs in terms of their own position as good, responsible members of society.
• post-conventional: invoke universal moral principles that are considered broader than the rules of the particular society in which they live.

Question 4

Women’s morality- Carol Gilligan

Answer 4

Develop in 3 stage:

• Orientation toward individual survival: Gradual transition from selfishness to responsibility.
• Goodness as self-sacrifice: Gradual transition from “goodness” (sacrifice her own wishes to what other people want) to “truth” (takes into account needs of both self and others)
• Morality of nonviolence: hurting anyone is immoral- including hurting themselves.

Question 5

Status

Answer 5

the evaluation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group

Question 6

Popular children

Answer 6

good sense of humor, appreciate others’ attempts at humor

Question 7

dominance hierarchy

Answer 7

rankings the represent the relative social power of those in a group

Question 8

play activity different genders

Answer 8

middle school girls play in pair- boys play in dominance hierarchy

Question 9

coregulation

Answer 9

a period in which parents and children jointly control children’s behavior

• 1st stage: orientation towards individual survival
• 3rd stage: morality of non-violence

Question 10

self care children

Answer 10

children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait alone until their caretakers return from work; previously known as latchkey children

Question 11

Divorce length maladjustment

Answer 11

6 months to 2 years- types: anxious, depression, sleep disturbances & phobias

Question 12

blended family

Answer 12

a remarried couple that has at least one stepchild living with them

Question 13

Effects of poverty and chronic stress with children

Answer 13

cardiovascular disease, poor academic performance, higher rates of aggression