Ch12- Social and Personality development in Adolescence

Question 1

Erikson ‘s stage: Identity vs. Identity confusion

Answer 1

Adolescence- the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves.

• Positive outcome: awareness of the uniqueness of self; knowledge of roles
• Negative outcome: inability to identify appropriate roles in life

Question 2

Self-esteem by gender

Answer 2

girl’s self-esteem tends to be lower and more vulnerable than boy’s self-esteem.
Adolescences female tend to be more concerned about physical appearance and social success- in addition to academic achievement

Question 3

ethgender

Answer 3

the joint influence of race and gender on one’s self-esteem

Question 4

James Marcia

Answer 4

Adolescent identity can be seen when crisis (adolescent consciously chooses between various alternatives and makes decisions) or commitment (psychological investment in a course of action or an ideology) is present or absent.

1. Identity achievement: commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which that consider various alternatives.
2. Identity foreclosure: prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives.
3. moratorium: may have explored various identity alternatives to some degree, but have not yet committed themselves
4. Identity diffusion: consider various identity alternatives, but never commit to one or never even consider identity options in any conscious way.

Question 5

Bicultural identity

Answer 5

minority group members draw their own cultural identity while integrating themselves into the dominant culture

Question 6

Adolescents and major depression

Answer 6

an adolescent who experiences the death of a loved one, or one who grows up with an alcoholic or a depressed parent is at a higher risk of depression

Question 7

Suicide

Answer 7

ex: warning signs- preoccupation with death in music, art, or literature.

Question 8

1. autonomy

2. egalitarian relation parent

Answer 8

1. independence and a sense of control over one’s life
2. By the end of adolescence, power and influence have become more balanced, and parents and children end up in a more symmetrical, or egalitarian rela.

Question 9

generation gap

Answer 9

a divide between parents and adolescents in attitudes, values, aspirations, and worldview.

Question 10

norms

Answer 10

reference groups present a set of norms, or standards, against which adolescents can judge their abilities and social success.

Question 11

cliques

Answer 11

groups of 2 to 12 ppl whose members have frequent social interactions with on another

Question 12

crowds

Answer 12

larger groups than cliques, composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with one another

Question 13

controversial adolescents

Answer 13

children who are liked by some peers and disliked by others

Question 14

neglected adolescents

Answer 14

children who receive relatively little attention from their peers in the form of either positive or negative interactions

Question 15

permissiveness with affection

Answer 15

premarital intercourse is viewed as permissible for both men and women if it occurs in the context of a long-term, committed, or loving relationship.

Question 16

transgendered

Answer 16

transexuals feel that they are trapped in the body of the other gender