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2024DM ANCC > Chap. 9 - SZO, the basics > Flashcards

Chap. 9 - SZO, the basics Flashcards

1
Q

Psychotic implies…

A

Impaired or deficient reality testing

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2
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory experiences without the presence of a stimulus

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3
Q

Delusions

A

Fixed, false beliefs maintained despite evidence to the contrary

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4
Q

Illusions

A

Misperceptions of actual stimuli

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5
Q

SZO risk in general population

A

1%

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6
Q

SZO risk if both parents have SZO

A

40%

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7
Q

Monozygotic concordance in SZO

A

50%

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8
Q

SZO - SNP or CNV?

A

SNP

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9
Q

Intrauterine insults that may lead to SZO

A

Toxins, including viruses
Oxygen deprivation
Malnutrition
Substance use

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10
Q

Three brain structures that are smaller in the SZO individual

A

Hippocampus

Frontal and temporal lobes

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11
Q

These brain structures are enlarged in the SZO individual

A

Ventricles

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12
Q

In SZO, DA is increased in the _____ pathway and decreased in the _____ pathway

A

Excess DA in the mesolimbic

Decreased DA in the mesocortical

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13
Q

In SZO….
Glutamate is increased or decreased?
GABA is increased or decreased?

A

Glutamate increased

GABA decreased

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14
Q

In SZO, serotonin is increased or decreased?

A

Decreased

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15
Q

SZO - higher rates in urban or rural areas?

A

Urban

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16
Q

SZO - higher rates in first-born or children or later-born?

A

First-born

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17
Q

SZO and men:
Onset?
More or less negative sx than women?
Prognosis and response to tx better or worse than women?

A

Onset 18-25
More negative sx than women
Worse prognosis and worse tx response than women

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18
Q

More hallucinations and delusions - men or women?

A

Women

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19
Q

Hypnopompic hallucinations

A

False perceptions upon waking up

Not considered pathological

20
Q

Hypnogogic hallucinations

A

False perceptions as one is falling asleep

Not considered pathological

21
Q

Positive sx respond better to typicals or atypicals?

A

Typicals

22
Q

Positive sx are an excess or deficit of normal brain fxn?

A

Excess

23
Q

Positive sx are caused by:

Increased or decreased? DA in the mesolimbic or mesocortical? pathway

A

Increased DA in the mesolimbic

24
Q

Negative sx respond better to typicals or atypicals?

A

Atypicals

25
Q

Negative sx are an excess or deficit of normal brain fxn?

A

Deficit

26
Q

Negative sx are caused by:

Increased or decreased? DA in the mesolimbic or mesocortical? pathway

A

Decreased DA in the mesocortical

27
Q

Sx must persist for __ months for dx of SZO

A

6 months

28
Q

Later age of SZO onset = better or worse prognosis?

A

Better prognosis

29
Q

Disorganized SZO is the most/least? severe type, and paranoid type is the most/least? sever type

A

Disorganized is most severe

Paranoid is least severe

30
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating the last heard words of others

31
Q

Exhopraxia

A

Imitation of observed behavior or movements

32
Q

Astereognosis

A

Loss of ability to recognize form of an object by touch

33
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Impairment of ability to perform rapidly alternating movements

34
Q

Structurally speaking, the only noted enlargements in the SZO brain are in the _____ _____

A

Lateral ventricles

35
Q

Clozaril - you must monitor ___ labs q __ weeks for __ months, then q __ weeks for __ months, then q __ weeks for how long?

A

WBC/neuts q week for 6 months, then q 2 weeks for 6 months, then q 4 weeks forever

36
Q

Seroquel - monitor what lab primarily?

A

LFTs

37
Q

Zyprexa - 4 monitors

A

BMI
Waist circumference
FBG
Lipids

38
Q

Geodon - monitor what parameter?

A

QTc

39
Q

Abilify - monitor labs, or is this a pretty neutral drug?

A

Fairly neutral

40
Q

SGAs, in the mesolimbic pathway, will _____ dopamine, thereby _____ positive sx

A

block dopamine, reducing positive sx

41
Q

SGAs, in the mesocorticol pathway, will _____ dopamine, thereby _____ negative sx

A

increase dopamine, reducing negative sx

42
Q

In the nigrostriatal pathway, as DA increases, ACh _____

A

decreases

43
Q

EPS is caused by increased or decreased ACh?

A

increased

44
Q

In the tuberoinfundibular pathway, as dopamine is blocked (or, decreases) then prolactin is _____, causing _____.

A

Prolactin increases, causing galactorrhea

45
Q

Hyperprolactemia in women may cause….(4)

A

Sexual side effects
Galactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Bone demineralization (if post-menopausal and not on estrogen)

46
Q

Because the FGAs block dopamine in the mesocortical pathway, these drugs actually made the _____ symptoms worse

A

Negative symptoms

2024DM ANCC (48 decks)

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