Chap 9 - Social & Emotional Dev Flashcards
Ainsworth strange situation
A sequence of staged episodes that illustrate the strength of attachment between a child & typically his/her mother
Attachment
The positive emotional bond that develops between a child & a particular individual
Secure attachment pattern
A style of attachment in which children use the mother as a kind of home base & are at ease when she is present; when she leaves, they become upset
Avoidant attachment pattern
A style of attachment in which children do not seek proximity to the mother; after the mother has left, they seem to avoid her when she returns
Ambivalent attachment pattern
A style of attachment in which children display a combination of positive & negative reactions to their mothers
Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern
A style of attachment in which children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior
Stranger anxiety
The caution & wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamiliar person
Separation anxiety
The distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs
Social referencing
The intentional search for info about others’ feelings to help make sense of uncertain circumstances & events
Emotional self-regulation
The capability to adjust one’s emotions to a desired state & level of intensity
Disengagement theory
The period in late adulthood that marks a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, & social levels
Activity theory
The theory suggesting that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests, activities, & social interactions with which they were involved during middle age
Continuity theory
The theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being & self- esteem
Personality
The sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another
Temperament
Patterns of arousal & emotionality that are consistent & enduring characteristics of an individual
Easy babies
Babies who have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regularly, & they are adaptable
Difficult babies
Babies who have negative moods & are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw
Slow-to-warm babies
Babies who are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, & they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly
Goodness of fit
The notion that development is dependent on the degree of match between children’s temperament & the nature & demands of the environment in which they are being raised
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
The theory that considers how individuals come to understand themselves & the meaning of others’ –& their own–behavior
Trust-versus-mistrust stage
According to Erikson, the period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers
Autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage
The period during which, according to Erikson, toddlers (aged 18 months to 3 years) develop independence & autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame & self-doubt if they are restricted & overprotected
Initiative-versus-guilt stage
According to Erikson, the period during which children aged 3 to 6 experience conflict between independence of action & the sometimes negative results of that action
Industry-versus-inferiority stage
The period from age 6-12 characterized by a focus on efforts to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, & the other complexities of the modern world
Identity-versus-identity-confusion stage
The period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique & distinctive about themselves
Intimacy-versus-isolation stage
According to Erikson, the period of postadolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others
Generativity-versus-stagnation stage
According to Erikson, the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family & society
Ego-integrity-versus-despair stage
Erikson’s final stage of life, characterized by a process of looking back over one’s life, evaluating it, & coming to terms with it
Midlife crisis
A stage of uncertainty & indecision brought about by the realization that life is finite
Redefinition-of-self-versus-preoccupation-with-work-role
The theory that those in old age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work roles or occupations; Peck
Body-transcendence-versus-body-preoccupation
A period in which people must learn to cope with & move beyond changes in physical capabilities as a result of aging; Peck
Ego-transcendence-versus-ego-preoccupation
The period in which elderly people must come to grips with their coming death; Peck
Traits
Enduring dimensions of personality characteristics along which people differ
