Chap 8 - Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
A score that takes into account a student’s mental & chronological age
Intelligence
The capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, & use resources effectively when faced with challenges
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5)
A test that consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV)
A test for children that provides separate measures of verbal & performance (nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)
A test for adults that provides separate measures of verbal & performance (nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II)
A children’s intelligence test permitting unusual flexibility in its administration
Reliability
A quality of tests that measure consistently what they are trying to measure
Validity
A quality of tests that actually measure what they are supposed to measure
Learning disabilities
Difficulties in the acquisition & use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities
Fluid intelligence
intelligence that reflects info processing capabilities, reasoning, & memory
Crystallized intelligence
The store of info, skills, & strategies that people have acquired thru education & prior experiences & thru their previous use of fluid intelligence
Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence
The belief that intelligence consists of three aspects of info processing: the componential element, the experiential element, & the contextual element
Practical intelligence
According to Sternberg, intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others & modeling their behavior
Emotional intelligence
The set of skills that underlies the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, & regulation of emotions
Developmental quotient
An overall developmental score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior (such as alertness & exploration), & personal & social skills; designed for infants age 2 to 30 months; Gesell
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
A measure that evaluates an infant’s development from 2 to 42 months; concentrates on mental & motor abilities
Cross-modal transference
The ability to identify, using another sense, a stimulus that has previously been experienced only thru one sense
Achievement test
A test designed to determine a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area
Aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s ability in a particular area or line of work
Least restrictive environment
The setting most similar to that of children without special needs
Mainstreaming
An educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated as much as possible into the traditional educational system & are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives
Full inclusion
The integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes & all other aspects of school & community life
Intellectual disability (mental retardation)
A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning & in adaptive behavior,which covers many everyday social & practical skills
Mild intellectual disability (mild retardation)
Intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall in the range of 50 or 55 to 70
Moderate intellectual disability (moderate retardation)
Intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from around 35 or 40 to 50 or 55
Severe intellectual disability (severe retardation)
Intellectual disability in which IQ scores range from around 20 or 25 to 35 or 40
Profound intellectual disability (profound retardation)
Intellectual disability in which IQ scores fall below 20 or 25
Acceleration
The provision of special programs that allow gifted students to move ahead at their own pace, even if this means skipping to higher grade levels
Enrichment
An approach whereby gifted students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs & given individual activities to allow greater depth of study
Culture-fair IQ tests
Designed to be independent of the cultural background of test-takers; I.e. Raven Progressive Matrices Test
Componential aspect (Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence)
Involves the mental components used to solve problems
Experiential component (Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence)
Refers to the relationship between intelligence, prior experience, & the ability to cope with new situations
Contextual component of intelligence (Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence)
Takes account of the demands of everyday, real-world environments
Visual-recognition memory
The memory of & recognition of a stimulus that has been previously seen
Selective optimization
Process people use in concentrating on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas; Paul Baltes & Margaret Baltes
Familial intellectual disability (familial retardation)
No cause is apparent, but there is a history of intellectual disability in the family
2 approaches to teaching the gifted & talented
- Acceleration
2. Enrichment
Gifted
“Children who give evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership capacity, or specific academic fields, & who require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school in order to fully develop such capabilities” (according to the fed govt)
Dynamic assessment
Assessment tasks should involve cooperative interaction between the assessed individual & the assessor; intelligence is reflected both in how children perform on their own & how they perform when helped by adults; Vygotsky
Gardner’s 8 distinct intelligences
- Musical intelligence
- Bodily kinesthetic intelligence
- Logical mathematical intelligence
- Linguistic intelligence
- Spatial intelligence
- Interpersonal intelligence
- Intrapersonal intelligence
- Naturalist intelligence
Amusia
Tone deafness
Sternberg’s approach to intelligence
Intelligence is best viewed as info processing; how people store material in memory & later use it to solve intellectual tasks provides the most precise concept of intelligence
Binet’s 3 legacies
- His pragmatic, nontheoretical approach to intelligence testing
- His linkage of intelligence to school success
- His derivation of a mathematical means of classifying children as more or less intelligent according to IQ scores
