Chap. 52 (2)

Question 1

Terrestrial biomes can be characterized by (5)

Answer 1

distribution, precipitation, temperature, plants, and animals

Question 1

Biomes

Answer 1

are major life zones characterized by vegetation type (terrestrial biomes) or physical environment (aquatic biomes) (desert, tropical forest, tundra, etc.)

Question 2

ecotone

Answer 2

The area of intergradation between biomes (blend of two biomes since there isn’t sharp boundaries)

Question 3

how are Terrestrial biomes named

Answer 3

often named for major physical or climatic factors and vegetation

Question 4

tropical rain forests vs tropical dry forests

Answer 4

In tropical rain forests, rainfall is relatively constant, while in tropical dry forests precipitation is highly seasonal

Question 5

tropical forest plants and animals

Answer 5

plants compete for light and animal diversity is the highest in tropical forest compared to any other biome

Question 6

Deserts occur in

Answer 6

bands near 30º north and south of the equator and in the interior of continents
-little rain
- temp is hot and cold (bc lack of water)

Question 7

Savanna (3) distribution, temp, seasons

Answer 7

Distribution includes equatorial and subequatorial regions
* Precipitation is seasonal with dry seasons lasting eight to nine months
* Savanna temperature averages 24–29ºC but is more seasonally variable
than in the tropics
- plants are fire resistant and insects are the dominant herbivore

Question 8

Chaparral occurs in

Answer 8

multitude coastal regions on several continents
* Precipitation is highly seasonal with rainy winters and dry summers

Question 9

Chaparral dominant plants and animals

Answer 9

dominated by shrubs, small trees, grasses, and herbs; many plants are adapted to fire and drought
* Animals include amphibians, birds and other reptiles, insects, browsing mammals, and a diversity of small mammals

Question 10

Temperate grasslands are

Answer 10

found on many continents
* Precipitation is highly seasonal
* Winters are cold (often below –10ºC) and dry; summers are hot (often
near 30ºC) and wet

Question 11

Temperate grasslands plants and animals

Answer 11

• plants are grasses and forbs, are adapted to droughts and fire
• large grazers such as bison and wild horses and
  small burrowers such as prairie dogs
• Most grasslands have been converted to farmland

Question 12

northern coniferous forest, or taiga

Answer 12

spans northern North America
and Eurasia and is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth
-Winters are cold; summers may be hot
- logging may cause them to dissapear

Question 13

northern coniferous forest plants and animals

Answer 13

• Conifers such as pine, spruce, fir, and hemlock dominate
• Animals include migratory and resident birds and large mammals such as moose, brown bears, and Siberian tigers

Question 14

Temperate Broadleaf Forest

Answer 14

• Distribution is primarily at midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, with smaller areas in Chile, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
• Significant amounts of precipitation fall during all seasons as rain or snow
• Winters average 0ºC; summers are hot and humid (near 35ºC)
• GA

Question 15

Tundra

Answer 15

Tundra covers expansive areas of the Arctic; alpine tundra exists on high mountaintops at all latitudes
* Annual precipitation is lower in arctic tundra (20–60 cm) than alpine tundra (>100 cm)
* Winters are cold (below –30ºC); summers are relatively cool (less than
10ºC)

Question 16

marine vs freshwater salt concentrations

Answer 16

Marine biomes have an average salt concentration of 3%; freshwater biomes have salt concentrations of less than 0.1%

Question 17

photic zone

Answer 17

The upper photic zone has sufficient light for photosynthesis

Question 18

aphotic zone

Answer 18

the lower aphotic zone receives little light

Question 19

pelagic zone

Answer 19

• The photic and aphotic zones make up the pelagic zone

Question 20

The abyssal zone is

Answer 20

• located in the aphotic zone with a depth of 2,000 to 6,000 m

Question 21

benthic zone

Answer 21

The organic and inorganic sediment at the bottom of all aquatic zones

Question 22

benthos

Answer 22

• The communities of organisms in the benthic zone are collectively called the benthos

Question 23

Detritus

Answer 23

dead organic matter, falls from the productive surface water and is an important source of food

Question 24

thermocline separates

Answer 24

thermocline separates the warm upper layer from the cold deeper water
- in most lakes and oceans

Question 25

Turnover

Answer 25

mixes oxygenated water from the surface with nutrient-rich water from the bottom
- in most lakes