chap. 29

Question 1

vascular tissue

Answer 1

cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Question 2

vascular plants

Answer 2

have a complex vascular tissue system

Question 3

seeds

Answer 3

an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat

Question 4

what groups are seed plants divided into?

Answer 4

gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 5

bryophytes

Answer 5

Nonvascular plants are often informally called bryophytes

Question 6

Gymnosperms

Answer 6

“naked seed” plants because their seeds are not enclosed in chambers

Question 7

Angiosperms

Answer 7

a huge clade consisting of all flowering plants; their seeds develop inside chambers that originate within flowers

Question 8

bryophyte phyla dominant life cycle stage

Answer 8

haploid gametophytes are the dominant stage of the life cycle

Question 9

protonema

Answer 9

mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments. has a large surface area that enhances absorption of water and minerals

Question 10

rhizoids

Answer 10

-Bryophyte gametophytes are anchored to the ground by rhizoids
-long, tubular single cells (in liverworts and hornworts) or filaments of cells (in mosses)

Question 11

gametangia

Answer 11

multicellular structures that produce gametes and are covered by protective tissue (in Bryophyte gametophytes)

Question 12

archegonia

Answer 12

Female Bryophyte gametangia (produce one egg)

Question 13

antheridia

Answer 13

male Bryophyte gametangia (produce many sperm which usually need a film of water to reach the egg)

Question 14

brood bodies

Answer 14

smallplantlets that detach from the parent plant and grow into new, genetically identical copies of their parent

Question 15

what do bryophyte sporophytes rely on?

Answer 15

bryophyte sporophyte remains attached to its parental gametophyte throughout the sporophyte’s lifetime, dependent on the gametophyte for supplies of sugars, amino acids, minerals, and water

Question 16

bryophyte sporophyte parts

Answer 16

-foot absorbs nutrients from the gametophyte.
-seta (plural, setae), or stalk, conducts these materials to the sporangium
-sporangium also called a capsule, which produces spores by meiosis.

Question 17

bryophyte sporophyte peristome

Answer 17

“teeth” that open under dry conditions and close again when it is moist so spores can be carried in wind

Question 18

n

Answer 18

m

Question 19

fern gametophytes

Answer 19

tiny structures that often grow on or just below the soil surface.

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

Xylem conducts most of the water and minerals and have tracheids

Question 21

tracheids

Answer 21

tube-shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots

Question 22

lignified xylem

Answer 22

their cell walls are strengthened by the polymer lignin

Question 23

phloem

Answer 23

has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products; these cells are alive at functional maturity.

Question 24

roots

Answer 24

evolved in sporophytes of almost all vascular plants. organs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Question 25

Leaves

Answer 25

structures that serve as the primary photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

Question 26

m

Answer 26

n

Question 27

n

Question 28

sporophylls

Answer 28

modified leaves that bear spores (sporangia)

Question 29

n

Question 30

n

Answer 30

.

Question 31

homosporous

Answer 31

They have one type of sporophyll bearing one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore

Question 32

heterosporous

Answer 32

has two types of sporophylls, called megasporophylls and microsporophylls

Question 33

megaspore

Answer 33

spores that develop into female gametophytes

Question 34

Microsporophylls have microsporangia which produce _____ and ______.

Answer 34

megaspore and microspores

Question 35

microspores

Answer 35

smaller spores that develop into male gametophytes