Chap. 30

Question 1

Dominance in seedless vascular plants

Answer 1

Sporophyte

Question 2

dominance in seed plants

Answer 2

Sporophyte

Question 3

dominance in non-vascular plants

Answer 3

Gametophyte

Question 4

integument

Answer 4

A layer of sporophyte tissue that envelops and protects the megasporangium

Question 5

Ovule

Answer 5

The whole structure—megasporangium, megaspore, and their integument(s)

Question 6

pollen grain

Answer 6

a male gametophyte enclosed within the pollen wall.

Question 7

pollination

Answer 7

The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant that contains the ovules

Question 8

seeds vs spores

Answer 8

seeds- multicellular
spores- usually single celled

Question 9

conifers

Answer 9

Most gymnosperms are cone-bearing plants called conifers, such as pines, firs, and redwoods

Question 10

angiosperms

Answer 10

seed plants with the reproductive structures called flowers and fruits
-Commonly known as flowering plants

Question 11

flower

Answer 11

is a unique angiosperm structure that is specialized for sexual reproduction

Question 12

what are the four types of modified leaves called floral organs

Answer 12

sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Question 13

sepals

Answer 13

at the base and are usually green and enclose the flower before it opens

Question 14

petals

Answer 14

brightly colored in most flowers and can aid in attracting pollinators

Question 15

Stamens

Answer 15

anther and filament
-microsporophylls: They produce microspores that develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes

Question 16

stamen parts

Answer 16

a stalk called the filament and a terminal sac, the anther, where pollen is produced.

Question 17

Carpels

Answer 17

are megasporophylls: They produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes.

Question 18

carpel parts

Answer 18

the tip of the carpel is a sticky stigma that receives pollen. A style leads from the stigma to a structure at the base of the carpel, the ovary; the ovary contains one or more ovules.

Question 19

pistil

Answer 19

used to refer to a single carpel (a simple pistil) or two or more fused carpels

Question 20

radial symmetry

Answer 20

any line through the center divides the flower into two equal parts

Question 21

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 21

the flower can only be divided into two equal parts by a single line

Question 22

fruit

Answer 22

the ovary wall thickens and the ovary matures
-protects the seed and helps in dispersal

Question 23

Dry fruit examples

Answer 23

beans, nuts, and grains

Question 24

embryo sac

Answer 24

Female Gametophyte
-consists of only a few cells, one of which is the egg.

Question 25

cross-pollination

Answer 25

transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

Question 26

micropyle

Answer 26

a pore in the integuments of the ovule, and discharges two sperm cells into the female gametophyte (embryo sac)
-opening in the embryo sac

Question 27

double fertilization

Answer 27

One sperm fertilizes the egg, forming a diploid zygote. The other sperm fuses with the two nuclei in the large central cell of the female gametophyte, producing a triploid cell (3n)
-unique to angiosperms.

Question 28

cotyledons

Answer 28

when the zygote develops into a sporophyte embryo with a rudimentary root and one or two seed leaves
-after double fertilization
-plant born has one or two leaves when it first appears above the ground

Question 29

endosperm

Answer 29

what the The triploid central cell of the female gametophyte develops into
-after double fertilization
- “food” for the embryo in the seed
- tissue rich in starch and other food

Question 30

monocots

Answer 30

flowering plant Species with one cotyledon

Question 31

Dicots

Answer 31

flowering plant Species with two cotyledon

Question 32

basal angiosperms

Answer 32

Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and relatives
-they diverged from other angiosperms early in the history of the group

Question 33

eudicots

Answer 33

vast majority of species once categorized as dicots form a large clade called eudicots
-2 cotyledons, net like veins, circular vascular tissue, have main root, pedals in x4 or x5, 3 openings in pollen grain