Chap. 34 (3)

Question 1

paleoanthropology

Answer 1

The study of human origins

Question 2

Hominins

Answer 2

are extinct species that are more closely related to humans
than to chimpanzees

Question 3

Australopiths

Answer 3

are a paraphyletic assemblage of hominins living between 4 and 2 million years ago (“Lucy”)

Question 4

Hominins began to walk long distances on two legs about

Answer 4

• 1.9 million years ago

Question 5

The oldest evidence of tool use, cut marks on animal bones, is ____ years old

Answer 5

2.5 million years old

Question 6

The earliest fossils placed in our genus Homo are those of Homo habilis, ranging in age from about _____ million years

Answer 6

2.4 to 1.6 million years

Question 7

Homo ergaster

Answer 7

• was the first fully bipedal, large-brained hominid
• The species existed between 1.9 and 1.5 million years ago
• Homo ergaster shows a significant decrease in sexual dimorphism (a size difference between sexes) compared with its ancestors

Question 8

Homo erectus

Answer 8

originated in Africa and was the first hominin to migrate out of Africa

Question 9

Homo neanderthalensis

Answer 9

lived in Europe and the Near East
from 350,000 to between 40,000 and 28,000 years ago
* Neanderthals were thick-boned with a larger brain than modern humans
* They buried their dead, and they made hunting tools

Question 10

Homo floresiensis

Answer 10

In 2004, 18,000-year-old fossils were found in indonesia, and a new small hominin was named:

Question 11

Homo sapiens were the first group to show evidence of

Answer 11

symbolic and sophisticated thought

Question 12

operculum

Answer 12

• Water is drawn into the mouth, through the pharynx, and out between the gills by movement of the operculum and contraction of muscles surrounding the gill chambers

Question 13

viviparous

Answer 13

the young develop within the female’s body