Chap 4 Key Terms 1

Question 1

action threshhold

Answer 1

A point at which the level of an incompatible plant species, density, height, location or condition threatens the stated management objectives and requires implementation of a control method (s).

Question 2

acute toxicity

Answer 2

Adverse effects resulting from exposure to a single dose or exposure to multiple doses of a substance over a short time frame (usually less than twenty four hours).

Question 3

allelopathy

Answer 3

Ability of some plants, including certain grasses to release chemicals that suppress other plant species growing around them

Question 4

basal application

Answer 4

Herbicide application made at the bottom 12 inches (30cm) of the stem and root collar with an herbicide in an oil carrier

Question 5

border zone

Answer 5

Section of a transmission or pipe line right-of-way that extends from the wire or pipe zone to the right-of-way edge. The border zone is managed to promote a low-growing plant community of forbs, tall shrubs and low-growing trees below a specified height (e.g 25ft)

Question 6

chronic toxicity

Answer 6

Damage to an organ system by a substance through disruption of biochemical pathways or enzymes in areas other than the point of contact. T delayed damage resulting from repeated exposure to low amounts of a substance evolving over a long period or a lifetime

Question 7

closed chain of custody

Answer 7

Handling and use of ready-to-use and diluted
concentrate formulations in closed delivery systems

Question 8

compatible vegetation

Answer 8

Vegetation that is a desirable or consistent with the intended use of the site. For example, plant species that will never grow sufficiently close to violate minimum clearance distances with electric conductors

Question 9

comprehensive evaluation

Answer 9

at a program or project level, an accounting of all vegetation that could potentially affect management objectives, supplying a complete set of data upon which to base management decisions

Question 10

herbicide

Answer 10

Specialized chemical substance used to kill plants by interfering with critical botanical biochemical pathways

Question 11

incompatible vegetation (incompatible plant species)

Answer 11

Plant species that are inconsistent with the use of a site (e.g. tree species sufficiently tall that they will grow into overhead conductors during their lifespan)

Question 12

integrated pest management (IPM)

Answer 12

The use of all available pest control methods to keep pest populations below acceptable levels. Methods include cultural, biological, chemical, physical, and genetic

Question 13

integrated vegetation management (IVM)

Answer 13

System of managing plant communities based in integrated pest management (IPK), in which managers identify compatible and incompatible vegetation, consider action thresholds, evaluate control methods, and select and implement controls to achieve specific objectives. The choice of control methods is based on the anticipated effectiveness, environmental impact, site characteristics, safety, security, economics, and other factors.

Question 14

IVM methods

Question 15

label

Answer 15

Document accompanying an urban side package in a standard format including an ingredient statement, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration and establishment numbers, (in the US), compatibility with other chemicals, recommendations to prevent overdose, hazards to wildlife, first aid statements, storage and disposal, as well as protective clothing and equipment advisories. Describes the approved uses for the pesticide and directions for its safe application. In the US, the law forbids use inconsistent with the label

Question 16

LC50

Answer 16

Inhalation concentration of a substance that kills half the subject test animals within two weeks

Question 17

pipe zone

Answer 17

Area of a utility pipeline right-of-way over the pipe and extending out both sides to a specified distance

Question 18

point sampling

Answer 18

Method of sampling a geographical area by selecting points in it, especially by choosing points at random on a map or aerial photograph

Question 19

poison

Answer 19

A substance with high acute toxicity. In the US, substances that have an oral LD50 fewer than 50mg per kg or a dermal LD50 fewer than 200 mg per kg of body weight are categorized as poisons. The labels for poisonous materials are marked with a skull and crossbones. Herbicides commonly used in IVM are not poisons.

Question 20

returnable, reusable (R/R) container

Answer 20

Chemical container designed for multiple uses, typically made of recyclable , translucent, chemically resistant plastic with a service life of roughly 5 years or 30 return cycles

Question 21

selective herbicides

Answer 21

Herbicides that are limited to the control of specific kinds of plants when applied according to the label (e.g., synthetic auxins, which are a class of selective herbicides that kill broadleaf plants, but do not harm grasses)

Question 22

set objectives

Answer 22

The initial phase of the integrated vegetation management model

Question 23

stump application

Answer 23

Individual stem treatment in which herbicides are applied to the stump surface around the cambium and topside of the bark.