Chap 3 Key Terms 2

Question 1

subordination

Answer 1

Pruning that reduces the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders

Question 2

frond

Answer 2

Large divided leaf structure found in palms and ferns.

Question 3

topiary

Answer 3

Pruning system that uses a combination of pruning, supporting, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape.

Question 4

heading cut

Answer 4

Cutting a shoot or branch back to a bud, stub or small lateral branch. Cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub in order to meet a structural objective.

Question 5

topping

Answer 5

Reducing tree size by cutting live branches and leaders to stubs, without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity.

Question 6

lion tailing

Answer 6

Poor pruning practice in which an excessive number of interior lateral branches are removed, resulting in a concentration of growth at branch ends.

Question 7

tree growth regulator (TGR)

Answer 7

Chemical that slows terminal growth by reducing cell elongation.

Question 8

maintenance interval

Answer 8

Planned length of time between vegetation management activities, also called maintenance cycle or management interval.

Question 9

urban forest

Answer 9

The sum of all woody and associated vegetation in and around dense human settlements, from small communities to metropolitan regions, including street, residential, and park trees, green belt vegetation, trees on unused, public and private land, trees in transportation and utility corridors and forests on watershed lands.

Question 10

mechanical pruning/mechanical control method

Answer 10

Vegetation removal using heavy equipment fitted with power saws or other cutting devices, such as saws mounted on booms or suspended from a helicopter.

Question 11

utility facilities

Answer 11

Infrastructure used to provide utility services, such as poles, wires, transformers, switches etc.

Question 12

monocot/monocotyledon

Answer 12

Plant with an embryo that has one single seed leaf (cotyledon). Examples are grasses and palms.

Question 13

utility forest

Answer 13

The population of trees that could now or in the future interfere with the operation of utility facilities.

Question 14

natural pruning

Answer 14

Process of branch removal in which the pruning cuts are made at nodes and in relation to the positions of the branch color and branch bark ridge

Question 15

utility service

Answer 15

A product or service provided by a utility company, such as electricity, telecommunications or natural gas.

Question 16

node

Answer 16

Slightly enlarged growth point on a stem where leaves and buds arise (contrast with internode.)

Question 17

whorl

Answer 17

A pattern of leaves, twigs, or branches arranged in a circle around a point on the stem.

Question 18

pollarding

Answer 18

Specialty pruning technique in which a tree with a large-maturing form is kept relatively short. Starting on a young tree, internodal cuts are made at a chosen height, resulting in sprouts. Requires regular (usually annual) removal of the sprouts arising from the same cuts. Callous knobs develop at the cut height from repeated pruning.

Question 19

wound treatment

Answer 19

Material applied to pruning cuts or other openings in the bark of trees, to prevent the spread of pests or for other specified reasons.