Chap 1 Key Terms Flashcards
accident
Discredited term for unplanned undesirable events that could result in unintentional injuries or property damage that are attributed to fate or bad luck, (see incident)
accident pyramid
An illustration of Herbert Heinrich’s principles of accident prevention, first presented in an example comprising untold thousands of unsafe acts or conditions at the base of the pyramid, which led to 300 close calls, 29 minor injuries and, ultimately, 1 major injury or fatality at the top.
ANZI Z133
American National Standard for Arboricultural Operations - Safety Requirements, the industry-developed, national consensus safety standard of practice for tree care in the United States.
back feed
Electrical flow in an unintended direction through a process whereby de-energized lines become energized from an external source, such as a home generator.
behavior-based principles
A theory of industrial incident prevention pioneered by Herbert Heinrich that considers the overwhelming majority of incidents to be caused by unsafe acts.
close calls
A situation in which an injury or other undesirable outcome is narrowly avoided.
direct contact
Electrical contact that occurs when someone touches an energized fixture.
electric shock
A physiological reaction to the passage of electrical current through the human body.
electrocution
Death from electrical shock.
equipment failure
A cessation of normal operation.
high-reliability organization
Group that takes a systems approach to safety, recognizing that humans are imperfect and that errors have to be considered in the context of the system in which they occurred.
human error
a person’s mistake rather than on the failure of a machine
incident
Unplanned, undesirable event that could result in unintentional Injuries or property damage.
indirect contact
Touching a conductive object in contact with an energized fixture.
lagging indicators
Serious injury or fatalities.
leading indicators
Unsafe acts and close calls at the bottom of the accident pyramid.
maliciousness
The condition of being malicious; malevolence or malice.
minimum approach distance
Established by ANSI Z133, the distance from energized conductors inside of which qualified line-clearance arborists, incidental line-clearance arborists, or persons other than qualified line-clearance arborists may not work. Distance increases with increasing voltage and varies with training of personnel
multiple causation theory
Refinement of the behavioral-based safety theory that considers workplace injuries to be caused by a number (rather than the number) of contributing factors and causes which randomly interact.
Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
In the United States, the legislative act dealing with health and safety in the workplace. In Canada, the federal, provincial and territorial jurisdictions each have their own legislation. In Australia, there is a work health and safety act in each each state.
Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
In the United States, the federal agency responsible for establishing and enforcing safety work rules. Individual states may also have OSHA agencies. In Canada, the responsible agency is the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.
safety committee
Group of employees responsible for developing safe work practices.
step potential
Voltage differential that develops when a person near a ground fault with 2 parts of their body (2 feet, a hand and a foot or another body part) straddles that voltage differential. It can result in electric shock or electrocution.
touch potential
Voltage differential between 2 objects someone simultaneously contacts.
