Chap 1-2 Questions

Question 1

Define ‘prehistoric’

Answer 1

All human existence before emergence of writing

Question 2

Where are the oldest cave paintings?

Answer 2

Chaveut cave (France)

Question 3

Principal sites where cave paintings were found (4)

Answer 3

Chauvet cave, pech-Merle, Lascany, Altamira (Spain)

Question 4

Discuss changes from paleo to Neolithic

Answer 4

Organized system of agriculture, kept herds and animals, permanent settlements

Question 5

What is a theory about cave paintings?

Answer 5

Human nature to decorate themselves and surroundings

Question 6

What could early figurines of women mean?

Answer 6

Health, fertility, strong children > survival of clan

Question 7

Techniques used in cave paintings?

Answer 7

Positive/negative imaging using hand (blowpipe)
Chewing charcoal
Scratching figures

Question 8

Describe and explain Significance of lion-human

Answer 8

Human with lion head
Instead of copying, the carver made something out of imagination
Shows highly complex thinking and creative imagination

Question 9

Describe woman from willendorf

Answer 9

Round form
Exaggerated female attributes
May express health and fertility, which guarantee strong children to continue the clan

Question 10

Describe woman from Ostrava petrkovice

Answer 10

Youthful, athletic figure in animated pose, as if walking

Question 11

Describe woman from brassempouy

Answer 11

Carver captured essence of head through memory image

Abstract, very general

Question 12

3 possible reasons for cave paintings

Answer 12

Might be products of totemistic rites to strengthen clan bonds and increase ceremonies to enhance fertility of livestock
Sympathetic magic, but disproved because animals uses for food were not drawn
Places of worship and initiation rites

Question 13

Describe lamassu

Answer 13

Human headed winged lion sculpture viewed from side and front

Question 14

Describe the great lyre with bully’s head

Answer 14

Lapis lazuli beard
Lapis lazuli is sign of widespread trade
Long hair/beard means semi divine status
Lyres used for funeral rites

Question 15

Describe stele of naram-sin

Answer 15

Celebrates one of naram-sin’s victories over people of zagros mountains

Question 16

Describe head of a man (Akkadian ruler)

Answer 16

Shows generalized male ideal
Beard indicates royalty
Deliberate damage was to symbolically mutilated to destroy its power

Question 17

Describe assurbanipal and his queen in the garden

Answer 17

Scene of relaxation. Victory celebration
Weapons are on table
Severed head hangs from tree

Question 18

How to do double side coining

Answer 18

Punch and anvil, each held a mold.

But the metal and hit with a hammer

Question 19

Lost wax casting

Answer 19

Core is image in wax. Mold is formed over it. Wax is melted and replaced with metal.
Mold is broken away and tada

Question 20

What was the first village found?

Answer 20

Skara-brae

Question 21

Pattern art in pottery?

Answer 21

Cross hatching

Question 22

Samban

Answer 22

Sumer, akkad, neo Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, neo Babylonia

Question 23

In between what powers were the hotties at power?

Answer 23

Babylonia and assyrian

Question 24

What were the first four civilizations?

Answer 24

Nile, Mesopotamia, yellow river, india

Question 25

What was the Signifigance of rivers?

Answer 25

River makes agriculture possible, and therefore life

Question 26

Signifigance of Jericho?

Answer 26

First city state and had mud brick walls

Question 27

Signifigance of Chatal huyuk?

Answer 27

Second city state. Connected houses and walked on roofs

Question 28

Signifigance of ain ghazal?

Answer 28

First human figure found

Question 29

Where was the first human figure found?

Answer 29

Ain ghazal

Question 30

Why did lapis lazuli need patrons?

Answer 30

Expensive

Question 31

Describe statue of gudea?

Answer 31

River symbolizes tigris and Euphrates

He only rules lagash

Question 32

What is the only remainder of hittites?

Answer 32

Lion gate

Question 33

Origin of Sumerians?

Answer 33

First to develop Mesopotamia
Migrated from north
Filled city states with new

Question 34

What were the firs written documents about?

Answer 34

Business records, Hammurabi etc

Question 35

Purpose and appearance of ziggurat?

Answer 35

Proclaimed wealth prestige and stability of city’s ruler and god
Symbolizes lofty bridge between heaven and earth

Question 36

State of gudea inscriptions?

Answer 36

Dedicated himself, state, and temple to goddess Geshtianna, divine poet and interpreter of dream

Question 37

Shamash?

Answer 37

God of sun ad justice

Question 38

Themes in Persepolis sculptures?

Answer 38

Extent of empire
Economic prosperity
Allegiance
Animal combats (ferocity of leaders)

Question 39

Ishtar gate

Answer 39

In front of Babylon

Glazed bricks

Question 40

Imperial complex at Persepolis describe

Answer 40

Elegant drawing, balanced composition, sleek modeling
Knowledge of Greek art
Raised platform and rectangular grid (Assyrian)