Changing Role Of Women

Question 1

Who signed the TITLE IX into law?

Answer 1

Richard Nixon

Question 2

What is TITLE IX?

Answer 2

Prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other education program that receives funding from the federal government.

Question 3

When did female football grow?

Answer 3

During WW1 (1914-1918)

Question 4

Changing role of women in football:

Answer 4

• All early sports male dominated
• 1921: 150 teams, mainly North & Midlands
• 1930s: Depression - interest declined
• 1969: WFA formed
• 2002: Most popular sport for women

Question 5

What are the factors that led to increased women’s participation in football?

Answer 5

• Equal opportunities
• Increased media coverage
• More female role models
• More provision through school PE
• Increased approval/encouragement from FA
• More clubs forming at local, and ‘pro’ levels
• Increased participation
• More free time

Question 6

Development of Tennis

Answer 6

• Upper classes played real tennis
• Lawn tennis created
• Lower classes excluded
• Women were allowed to play
• Deemed suitable for women
• Middle class establish private clubs

Question 7

Why was Lawn Tennis created?

Answer 7

Middle class invention suited suburban housing and gardens with lawns

Question 8

How where the lower classes excluded from participation of tennis?

Answer 8

Lower classes excluded by presence of walls and hedges

Question 9

Why was tennis deemed suitable for women?

Answer 9

Tennis deemed suitable for women because of dress code and lack of exertion

Question 10

What are the factors that led to increased female participation in tennis?

Answer 10

• Invented alternative to real tennis
• Played in suburban gardens
• Middle class organised private/exclusive clubs
• Middle class had money for equipment
• Tennis allowed respectable mixing
• Eventually spread to working class through provision in public parks.

Question 11

Emergence of elite female tennis players in modern-day sport.

Answer 11

• Tennis is one sport where women regarded as equal to men

• WTA had professional circuit in late 20th century - women played in open events and organised their own tournaments

• Billie Jean King become first female athlete to earn £100k in a single year

• By 1980, 250 women were playing tennis professionally

• Martina Navratilova wins $1 million in 1982

• 2007: equal prize money for men and women at US Open and Wimbledon

• 2013: Serena Williams won $12 million

• Now: lots of female role models, large sponsorship deals, media coverage.

Question 12

What is the WTA?

Answer 12

Women’s Tennis Association

Question 13

Development of Women’s Athletics

Answer 13

• Sexist - ‘unladylike’, inappropriate dress’ for women - No NGB (1922)/Olympics (1928)

• IOC (men) limited women’s involvement

• No women’s races above 400m until 1960

• First women’s Olympic marathon 1984

• First women’s Olympic triple jump 1996

• First women’s hammer 2000

• Still divisive - Women heptathlon / Men Decathlon

Question 14

Women’s athletics

Answer 14

• Title IX 1972 - prohibited gender discrimination in US schools and colleges

• Massive increase in participation by women - globilisation

• Negative myths and stereotypes about women’s capabilities missed

• 2012 Olympics - Women competed in every sport

• Diamond league athletics - equality in numbers and prize money

• Still limited by media coverage - less than 10%

Question 15

Women’s role change in society

Answer 15

• Suffragettes / Women’s Rights

• WW1 status increased, did men’s jobs

• Less emphasis on domestic role

• Got more education via state schools

• Began to earn more personal money

• More freedom

Question 16

Women’s increase In participation

Answer 16

• Still very restricted compared to middle classes and men

• Accepted firstly by middle class ladies

• More schools and more provision

• More competitive opportunities

• Sporting organisations established

• Achievements of women athletes