Change & The Organisation

Question 1

What are organisational metaphors?

Answer 1

They help describe an organisation & its attributes.
They allow change managers to decide on the most effective approach to introduce change.

Question 2

What are the 8 types of organisation metaphor?

Answer 2

1. Machines
2. Political Systems
3. Brains
4. Flux & transformation
5. Organisms
6. Cultures
7. Instrucuments of domincation
8. Psychic prisons

Question 3

Describe the machine metaphor

Answer 3

All components linked together
Controlled from a single point
Lead from top with clear integration across the whole organisation

Question 4

Describe the brains metaphor

Answer 4

Intelligence-led
Feedback loops to identify problems/opportunities
Promotes innovation

Question 5

Describe the political systems metaphor

Answer 5

Controlled by power in the organisation
Conflict expected

Question 6

Describe the flux & transformation metaphor

Answer 6

Chaos & complexity
Organisation changes as it sees the need
Leaders try to influence the direction
Awareness of desirable changes and outcomes shared to reduce conflict

Question 7

What is meant by culture?

Answer 7

Set of rules/standards
Culture exists at different levels
Change has to be culturally acceptable
Understanding culture can support change

Question 8

What are the layers of culture?

Answer 8

Surface - Artefacts & products
Deeper - Norms & values
Deepest - Basic assumptions

Question 9

What makes up “climate”?

Answer 9

Staff feelings - Mainly to management
Is it a good place to work?

Question 10

What are the main categories of Culture?

Answer 10

1. Achievement
2. Customer centric
3. One team
4. Innovative
5. People first

Question 11

What are the three models of change process?

Answer 11

Lewins three stage model (1951)
Kotters Eight stage model
Senge systems thinking model

Question 12

What three areas make up the three stage model?

Answer 12

Unfreeze
Change
Refreeze

Question 13

What are the steps of the 8 stage miodel?

Answer 13

1. Create urgency
2. Fom a powerful coalition
3. Create a vision for change
4. Communicate the vision
5. Empower action
6. Create quick wins
7. Build on change
8. Make it stick

Question 14

What makes up Kotters dual operating model?

Answer 14

Hierarchy ———> Operating system (OS)

OS - Identify, initiate, implement

Question 15

Describe Senge’s model?

Answer 15

Derived behaviour - leads to

• Pereived gap (identify)
• Action of leaders
• Priorities of team members
• How they allocate their time

Question 16

What are three challenges to effective change?

Answer 16

Initiating change
Sustaining the transformation
Redesigning and rethinking

Question 17

What are three types of change?

Answer 17

Planned
Unplanned
Emergent