Chambers & Circulatory System Flashcards
10 Directional Terms
Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Ventral, Dorsal, Proximal, Distal, Medial, & Lateral
What are the 2 main body cavities and subdivisions? What are their surrounding membranes?
1) Dorsal Cavity= Cranial (holds brain) & Spinal (holds spinal cord)
2) Ventral Cavity= Thoracic (heart & lungs)
Abdominal (digestive organs & kidneys)
Pelvic (bladder & reproductive organs
Dorsal Cavity surrounded by MENINGES
Ventral Cavity surrounded by PERITONEUM (abdominal & pelvic only)
Components & Function of the Circulatory System
Includes the blood, heart, and blood vessels. Responsible for circulating nutrients, gases, wastes, and other substances throughout the body.
2 Loops of Circulatory System
1) Pulmonary Loop carries deoxygenated blood, heart –>lungs –> heart.
2) Systemic Loop pushes oxygenated blood out, heart –> blood vessels –> capillaries –> veins –> heart.
Path of Blood in Circulatory System including Heart Valves
Pulmonary loop carries deoxygenated blood through…..
1) Vena Cava Systemic loop pushes oxygenated blood from lungs to
2) Right Atrium 8) Left Atrium
3) Tricuspid Valve** 9) Mitral Valve**
4) Right Ventricle 10) Left Ventricle
5) Pulmonary Valve** 11) Aortic Valve**
6) Pulmonary Artery 12) Aorta
7) LUNGS
HEART –> Cavity location & 3 Layers of Heart Wall
Pericardial Cavity surrounded by Serous Fluid which is produced by Pericardium (lining of cavity)
1) Epicardium- outermost layer, CONNECTIVE TISSUE
2) Myocardium- middle layer, CARDIAC TISSUE (performs pumping)
3) Endocardium- inner smooth layer that keeps blood from sticking to walls
4 Heart Chambers
1) Right & Left Atria (Atrium) –> smaller, thin walls, RECEIVE blood from lungs & pump to ventricles.
2) Right & Left Ventricles –> larger, thicker walls, PUMP blood to lungs & rest of body
What heart valves prevent blood back flow to Atria?
What heart valves prevent blood back flow to Ventricles?
What are the groups of cells that make the heart pump?
1) Atrioventricular Vales- Tricuspid & Mitral
2) Semilunar Valves- Pulmonary & Aorta
1) Sinoatrial Node- sets pace & signals Atria to contract.
2) Atrioventricular Node- picks up signal from Sinoatrial Node & signals Ventricles to contract
What is the function of Blood Vessels?
What are the 2 parts of Blood Vessels?
To carry blood from heart throughout the body and then back.
1) Lumen- hollow middle part where blood flows
2) Endothelium- inside lining made of the same cells as the Endocardium in the heart (both prevent blood from sticking & clotting)
What is the function of Arteries?
What are the 2 main Arteries?
Blood vessel that carry blood AWAY from the heart (thick walls & highly elastic)
1) Aorta- largest artery, carries blood to chest and abdomen
2) Pulmonary Artery- pumps blood to lungs from right ventricle
What is the function of Veins?
4 Main Veins
Blood Vessels that carry blood TO the heard (thin walls)
1) Left Pulmonary Vein- connect lungs to right atrium
2) Right Pulmonary Vein- connect lungs to right atrium
3) Superior Vena Cava- from right atrium to head & neck
4) Inferior Vena Cava- from right atrium to lower body vein
* PULMONARY VEINS ARE THE ONLY ONES THAT CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD*
5 Facts about Capillaries –> STEMC
1) SMALLEST blood vessel
2) THIN walls
3) ENABLE cells to exchange gases, nutrients, & cellular waste by carrying blood very close to cell walls.
4) MOST populous in body
5) CONNECTS Arterioles & Venules
5 parts of Blood Composition (RHWPP)
How much blood does the body contain?
1) Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
2) White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
3) Hemoglobin (HGB)
4) Platelets (Thrombocytes)
5) Plasma
4-5 liters
3 Facts about Plamsa
1) liquid part of blood
2) 55% of total blood volume
3) Made up of 90% water
Functions of Blood Components (RHLT)
1) RBCs- transport oxygen, produced inside red bone marrow
2) HGB- the red pigment found in RBCs, rich in iron & proteins which allow cells to transport oxygen
3) Leukocytes- immune system component
4) Thrombocytes- vital for blood clotting, produced inside red bone marrow
