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Micro > CH8 > Flashcards

CH8 Flashcards

1
Q

kill fungi

A

fungicidal

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2
Q

stops growth of bacteria

A

bacteriostatic

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3
Q

kill/remove everything

A

sterilant

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4
Q

cleans inaminent objects

A

disinfectant

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5
Q

cleans tissue

A

antiseptic

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6
Q

kill germs (MO in a place we don’t want it to be)

A

germicide

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7
Q

kills 99.9% of germs and lowers population of germs to a safe level

A

sanitizer

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8
Q

what contributes to death rates in MO’s

A
  • size of population
  • [ ] or intensity (alcohol)
  • time of exposure
  • type of material (density/viscosity/pH)
  • temp
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9
Q

as [ ] or intensity increases, the killing power…

A

increases until it reaches 70-80% then goes back down bc it effects membranes

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10
Q
  • denatures proteins
  • autoclave
  • boiling
  • pasteurization
A

moist heat

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11
Q
  • steam under pressure
  • 121 degree C (15 psi) for 15-30 min
  • time varies depending on how much needs to be sterilized
A

autoclave

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12
Q
  • 100 degree C

- vegetative cells but not endospores

A

boiling

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13
Q
  • 60-70 degree C for 15 seconds to 30 min

- kill specific MOs (pathogens) without adversely affecting taste/texture

A

pasteurization

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14
Q
  • oxidation of organic cell compounds

- 160-180 degree C for 2 hours

A

dry heat

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15
Q

which is more expensive? dry or moist heat

A

moist heat

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16
Q

we do this to sterilize lab utensils and waste disposal

A

incineration

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17
Q

low temps kill MOs by

A
  • inhibits growth -bacteriostatic

- kill MO by freezing - thaw procedure

18
Q

types of radiation used

A

ionizing radiation (x ray, gamma ray)

  • high energy, short wavelength
  • causes splitting of molecules
  • radical formed and react with DNA and proteins
  • penetrate packages material

non ionizing (UV light)

  • causes mutations (DNA absorbs at 260 nm and thymine dimers form that cause the mutation)
  • can not penetrate well (only surfaces and air)
19
Q

three types of filtration and what they do

A

depth filters
-diatomaceous earth, porcelain

membrane filters

  • cellulose, synthetic
  • variety pore size (.2 um)
  • use vacuum or pressure

air filtration

  • masks, cotton plugs
  • Laminar flow biological safety cabinet
    • high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
20
Q
  • bacteriostatic

- drying, adding sugar, freeze drying

A

dessication

21
Q

evaluation methods of chemical agents

A
  • phenol coefficient with Staph. aureus (gram +) and Salmonella typhi (gram -)
  • filter paper disk diffusion method
  • use dilution tests
22
Q

types of phenolic chemical agents

A
  • phenol
  • lysol
  • hexachlorophene
  • trichlosan
23
Q
  • standard, 5% kills vegetative cells

- toxic, unpleasant odor

24
Q

-soap and orthophenyl phenol, remain active

25
Q
  • halogenated phenol
  • very affective against Staph. aureus
  • causes nerve damage
A

hexachlorophene

26
Q
  • 2 joined phenol rings
  • affective against many bacteria
  • caused indirectly selective resistance to MO
A

trichlosan

27
Q

types of chemical agents

A 
phenolics
alcohols
halogens
ethylene oxide
glutaraldehyde
28
Q
  • 70-90% kill vegetative cells, enveloped viruses
  • quick action but evaporates
  • ethyl alcohol/ isopropyl alcohol
29
Q

example of alcohol

A

instant hand sanitizer

-must have on hands fro 15 seconds fro it to be effective and work without touching anything

30
Q

types of halogen chemical agents

A

iodine
chlorine
chemical sterilants

31
Q
  • very effective- amoeba, fungi, viruses, most bacteria
  • surgical scrub
  • water/ vegetative treatment
32
Q

types of iodine used for cleaning surgical scrubs

A

Betadine and Isodine

33
Q
  • kills most bacteria and many viruses at low [ ] (0.5%)
  • most widely used
  • pools, municipal water, house hold, food industry
34
Q
  • organic matter interferes with action
  • inexpensive, easy to use
  • most widely used chemical agent
35
Q
  • for heat sensitive materials

- alkylating agents- carcinogenic

A

chemical sterilants

36
Q
  • gas
  • penetrates cloth and some plastics
  • slow acting (10hrs), requires precise control
  • flammable and toxic
  • used extensively for lab supplies, tubing, catheters
  • no residues left behind, don’t usually use for liquids
A

ethylene oxide

37
Q

advantages and disadvantages of ethylene oxide

A

A-penetrates cloth and some plastics
-no residues left behind, don’t usually use for liquids

D-slow acting (10hrs)
-requires precise control

38
Q

2% solution, 10 hour exposure

A

glutaraldehyde

39
Q

how would you sterilize a hormone solution?

A

filtration

40
Q

type of synthesis for the following:

  • penecillin
  • sulfa drugs
  • chloramphenicol
  • rifamycin
A
  • penecillin- peptidoglycan synthesis
  • sulfa drugs- folic acid synthesis
  • chloramphenicol- protein synthesis
  • rifamycin- mRNA synthesis

Micro (15 decks)

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